Shinn Ex Rel. Shinn v. College Station Independent School District
Opinion of the Court
Yvonne and John Eugene Shinn, on behalf of Jonathan Daniel Shinn, appeal the district court’s order granting College Station Independent School District (“School District”), Kenneth Wilbanks, Ray Chancellor, Bob Curry, and William Dornburg summary judgment on the Shinns’ claims. Finding no reversible error, we affirm and order the Plaintiffs to show cause why reasonable attorney’s fees and double costs should not be awarded to the Defendants as damages, pursuant to Fed.R.App.P. 38.
The Plaintiffs brought suit on behalf of their son, Jonathan, alleging that the Defendants violated Jonathan’s rights under the United States Constitution and the Constitution of Texas. The Plaintiffs alleged that while Jonathan was a freshman member of the A & M Consolidated High School (“A & M”) Band, his constitutional rights were violated by the actions of the band director, Defendant Kenneth Wilbanks. The Plaintiffs’ amended complaint further alleged that the school officials inadequately responded to their complaints. The complaint, in essence, alleged extreme dissatisfaction with Wilbanks’s performance as band director. Representative allegations included that Wil-banks: lacked discipline and leadership; “insisted that Jon only play the B-flat clarinet”; showed disrespect to the assistant band director; failed to distribute the band rules until “six entire weeks” after the start of practice; gave the band members the day off when he learned that they were planning a “walk-off” during practice to protest his performance as a band director; walked into the girls’ locker room; failed to provide parents with “information” about the marching band competition in Killeen, Texas, which resulted in the Plaintiffs arriving at the competition four hours and fifteen minutes early; spoke “over the band’s half-time performance bestowing praises on the coaches”; “verbally abused” another student, and Jonathan then witnessed the student’s “horrified look when she stepped out of Wilbanks’ office”; failed to handle the band instruments properly; “yelled at” Jonathan when he tried to turn in his instrument; “failed to maintain discipline over some band members and allowed the members to stay up to at least 3:00 a.m.”
When Jonathan told his parents about Wil-banks’s behavior, the Plaintiffs complained to the school officials. The Plaintiffs allege that the school officials did not respond adequately to their complaints. Consequently, the Plaintiffs asked the Texas Education Agency (“TEA”) to investigate Wilbanks’s behavior. The TEA’s investigation did not sustain the Plaintiffs’ allegations. Finally, when the local newspaper ran an article about Wilbanks which mentioned the Plaintiffs’ complaint and the investigation by the TEA, Wilbanks “lectured” the band students on the article. The Plaintiffs allege that during the lecture, Wil-banks “directed his comments” at Jonathan and another student, whose parents had also been instrumental in bringing the TEA investigation. All in all, the Plaintiffs complain that ‘Wilbanks’ outrageous and unprofessional behavior resulted in a poor year for the band and the infliction of severe emotional distress upon many of the students, including Jon Shinn.”
The Plaintiffs filed suit against the School District and various school officials in their individual and official capacities, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The Plaintiffs allege that the Defendants’ behavior violated Jonathan’s constitutional rights under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to be free from emotional harassment and to be free from punishment absent personal guilt, and that Wilbanks’s behavior violated Jonathan’s right to be free from retaliation for exercising his right to free speech.
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court. Moreover, we conclude that the Plaintiffs’ appeal is frivolous. See Olympia Co., Inc. v. Celotex Corp., 771 F.2d 888, 893 (5th Cir. 1985) (stating that a “frivolous appeal is one which involves legal points not arguable on the merits”) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 818, 110 S.Ct. 73, 107 L.Ed.2d 39 (1989). We therefore ORDER the Plaintiffs to show cause why reasonable attorney’s fees and double costs should not be awarded to the Defendants as damages, pursuant to Fed.R.App.P. 38.
. We note that the attorney that brought this appeal did not appear at oral argument. In
. Additionally, because the Plaintiffs have faded to establish the violation of a clearly established constitutional right, the Defendants in their individual capacities are entitled to qualified immunity. See Hassan v. Lubbock Indep. Sch. Dist., 55 F.3d 1075, 1079 (5th Cir.) (stating standard for qualified immunity), cert. denied, -U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 532, 133 L.Ed.2d 438 (1995). Furthermore, even if we were to find the violation of a constitutional right, the Plaintiffs have not alleged that the Defendants acted pursuant to an official custom or policy of the School District, or that the School District implemented such an official custom or policy; therefore, there cannot be § 1983 liability for the School District or for the Defendants in their official capacities. Meadowbriar Home For Children, Inc. v. Gunn, 81 F.3d 521, 533 (5th Cir. 1996).
Concurring Opinion
specially concurring:
I concur in the result of the majority’s decision, i.e., that the plaintiffs action does not reach the threshold of a claim based on a constitutional violation. My only objection to the majority’s opinion is that it disposes of the plaintiffs’ substantive due process claim by constructing a vagary that has no real basis in law. The majority states:
There is no constitutional right to be free from emotional distress. See Grandstaff v. City of Borger, Tex., 767 F.2d 161, 172 (5th Cir. 1985).
If all the majority means is that a person cannot recover for emotional distress under § 1983 unless that distress stems from a constitutional violation, the statement is merely misleading due to lack of precision and coherence. Further, the statement does not explain why there was no constitutional violation in this case. On the other hand, I seriously doubt that the majority intends to imply that a person can never recover damages for emotional distress under § 1983 or cannot recover for such distress in the absence of physical or significant injury. The law is too well settled to the contrary. Memphis Community School Dist. v. Stachura, 477 U.S. 299, 306, 106 S.Ct. 2537, 2542, 91 L.Ed.2d 249 (1986) (mental and emotional distress constitute compensable injury in
Moreover, as I read Grandstaff v. City of Barger, Tex., 767 F.2d 161 (5th Cir. 1985) it cannot properly be made to stand for a broad rule that there is no constitutional right to be free from emotional distress. It simply holds that bystanders may not recover under § 1983 for officers’ negligent infliction of emotional distress by shooting and killing their husband and stepfather within their sight. The Grandstajf opinion, 767 F.2d at 172. stated:
Negligent infliction of emotional distress is a state common law tort; there is no constitutional right to be free from witnessing this police action. “Section 1983 imposes liability for violation of rights protected by the Constitution, not for violations of duties of care arising out of tort law.” Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. 137, 146, 99 S.Ct. 2689, 2695-96, 61 L.Ed.2d 433 (1979).
Before GARWOOD, EMILIO M. GARZA and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.
ON PETITION FOR REHEARING
Nov. 22, 1996
PER CURIAM:
IT IS ORDERED that the motion for leave to file request for rehearing out of time is GRANTED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the petition for rehearing is DENIED. The court has reviewed the authority cited in the petition and finds that none raises disagreements with a high school band director to the level of a violation of the First or Fourteenth Amendments.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, counsel having failed to show cause why sanctions should not issue, double costs and reasonable attorney’s fees are hereby awarded to Defendants pursuant to Fed.R.App.P. 38. Defendants should submit to this court their attorney’s fees statement and costs within two weeks of entry of this order.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Yvonne SHINN, on Behalf of Jonathan Daniel SHINN; John Eugene Shinn, on Behalf of Jonathan Daniel Shinn, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. COLLEGE STATION INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT; Kenneth Wilbanks; Ray Chancellor; Bob Curry; William Dornburg, Defendants-Appellees
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published