Defendant Guillermo Garcia was charged with transporting an illegal alien within the United States in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)(ii). Garcia challenged his competency to stand trial due to the continuing impairment he suffers as a result of a traumatic brain injury. The district court, after conducting an evidentiary hearing, found Garcia competent to stand trial, notwithstanding Garcia’s obvious comprehension and communication difficulties. Garcia then entered a guilty plea subject to a reservation of the right to appeal the district court’s competency determination. This appeal ensued.

Expert witnesses have reached conflicting conclusions as to Garcia’s competency to stand trial. However, none of the experts have conducted objective tests to determine the extent to which Garcia has the ability “to assist properly in his defense,” 18 U.S.C. § 4241(d) (2005), nor have they conducted such tests to determine his ability to comprehend. Further, no explanation has been provided as to why such objective testing cannot be done or would not provide meaningful results. Although the record indicates Garcia is unable to learn traditional sign language, the record does not reflect any attempts to enhance Garcia’s ability to communicate through a more formal method of sign language, nor any objective testing to determine if such was possible. These omissions leave us with serious concerns as to the voluntariness of Garcia’s plea, and his competency to stand trial. We therefore vacate the conviction and sentence and remand for further proceedings.

VACATED and REMANDED.