Appealing the Judgments in these Criminal Cases, the defendant raises arguments that are foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235, 118 *398S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), which held that 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(2) is a penalty provision and not a separate criminal offense. The Government’s motion for summary affirmance is GRANTED, and the judgments of the district court are AFFIRMED.