Nelson Romero, Texas prisoner # 1127658, appeals the district court’s dis *232 missal of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) for failure to prosecute and to comply with a court order. Romero urges that dismissal was error.

A district court may sua sponte dismiss an action for failure to prosecute or obey a court order. Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b); McCullough v. Lynaugh, 835 F.2d 1126, 1127 (5th Cir. 1988). The district court stated that dismissal was without prejudice, but, because the § 2254 petition would have been time-barred at the time of dismissal, it was effectively with prejudice. See Gray v. Fidelity Acceptance Corp., 634 F.2d 226, 227 (5th Cir. 1981); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d). Therefore, although review is for an abuse of discretion, a heightened standard applies. Coleman v. Sweetin, 745 F.3d 756, 766 (5th Cir. 2014). This court will affirm “only where a clear record of delay or contumacious conduct by the plaintiff exists and a lesser sanction would not better serve the interests of justice.” Millan v. USAA Gen. Indem. Co., 546 F.3d 321, 326 (5th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted); see Coleman, 745 F.3d at 766 & n. 8.

The district court’s dismissal was based on Romero’s failure to comply with its Order for an Answer, requiring him to respond to any dispositive motion within 30 days. Romero asserts that during that period he filed a motion for extension of time that was lost in the mail. But even if he did not, his failure to comply with a single court order, particularly in light of his almost immediate attempt to rectify his failure through the filing of a motion for reconsideration, did not amount to a clear record of delay or contumacious conduct warranting a dismissal with prejudice. See Millan, 546 F.3d at 326-27; see also McNeal v. Papasan, 842 F.2d 787, 791 (5th Cir. 1988). Moreover, there is no discussion in the record of other, lesser sanctions. See Millan, 546 F.3d at 326.

Accordingly, under the circumstances described, the dismissal of Romero’s § 2254 petition was an abuse of discretion. The judgment is VACATED, and the case is REMANDED for further proceedings. We express no opinion on the merits of his underlying habeas petition.