Case: 25-10498 Document: 64-1 Page: 1 Date Filed: 11/20/2025

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit ____________ FILED November 20, 2025 No. 25-10498 Summary Calendar Lyle W. Cayce Clerk ____________ Kathryn Copeland, Plaintiff—Appellant, versus Judge Jesus Nevarez, Jr., in his individual capacity, Defendant—Appellee. ______________________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas USDC No. 4:25-CV-137 ______________________________ Before King, Haynes, and Ho, Circuit Judges.

Per Curiam:* A district court may dismiss a suit under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) if the plaintiff “fails…to comply” with a “court order.”

The district court here dismissed Kathryn Copeland’s suit under Rule 41(b) because she failed to comply with its order to retain local counsel as required by the local rules. See Local Rule 83.10(a).

_____________________ * This opinion is not designated for publication. See 5th Cir. R. 47.5.

Case: 25-10498 Document: 64-1 Page: 2 Date Filed: 11/20/2025

No. 25-10498

We have previously questioned the propriety of dismissing under Rule 41(b) where the violation is limited only to the local rules. Campbell v. Wilkinson, 988 F.3d 798, 800 (5th Cir. 2021). In Campbell, “after determining that counsel was not in compliance with the local rule, the district court simply dismissed the case.” Jones v. Meridian Sec. Ins. Co., 2023 WL 6518145, at *3 (5th Cir. Oct. 5, 2023).

But this case is more straightforward because the district court first warned Copeland that she was out of compliance with the local rules and that noncompliance would risk dismissal of her case. Her decision thus violated not just the local rules but a “court order.” As a result, Copeland’s failure to comply falls plainly within Rule 41(b). Id. And because Copeland also failed to follow the district court’s instruction to notify it if the dismissal would be the functional equivalent of dismissal with prejudice, that argument is forfeited on appeal. Id. at *3–4.

Accordingly, we treat the dismissal as without prejudice and affirm.