Clinch Valley Printing Co. v. International Hot Rod Ass'n
Opinion of the Court
I.
This is a breach of contract case that was tried to a magistrate judge. The magistrate judge found that defendant breached the contract, but that plaintiff failed to prove damages, and therefore entered judgment for defendant. For the
II.
Plaintiff-Appellant Clinch Valley Printing Co., Inc. (Clinch Valley) is a general printing business. Defendanb-Appellee International Hot Rod Association, Inc. (IHRA) is a sanctioning body for automobile drag racing. As part of its promotional activities, IHRA publishes a bi-monthly magazine entitled Drag Review, which is marketed to drag racing fans.
In December of 1995, the parties entered into a contract whereby Clinch Valley agreed to print IHRA’s magazine for three years. In November of 1997, IHRA notified Clinch Valley that it was repudiating the contract, apparently on the grounds that it was not satisfied with Clinch Valley’s work. As a result, Clinch Valley did not perform any print work for IHRA after the December 1997 issue. Clinch Valley then sued for breach of contract, seeking to recover its lost-profit for the months remaining on the contract (January through December of 1998), which Clinch Valley calculated to be $209,093.28.
The magistrate judge found that Clinch Valley proved that IHRA breached the contract and that the breach was not justified. However, the magistrate judge found Clinch Valley’s evidence of lost-profit speculative. Because Clinch Valley failed to satisfy its burden of proof on damages, the magistrate judge entered judgment in favor of IHRA.
On appeal, Clinch Valley argues that it introduced sufficient evidence of its lost-profit under Tennessee’s Uniform Commercial Code (the U.C.C.) and Tennessee common law. Clinch Valley seeks a judgment in the amount of $209,093.28 or, in the alternative, a remand for a new trial on damages.
III.
The issue on appeal is whether the magistrate judge erred in finding that Clinch Valley failed to prove damages for breach of the contract. The magistrate judge exercised jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332. This court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
IV.
A.
The parties dispute the proper standard of review to be applied. Clinch Valley argues that because the magistrate judge failed to apply the proper measure of damages, review is de novo. IHRA argues that the district court’s damage determination must be reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard.
While a district court’s damage calculation is reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard, see Neyer v. United States, 845 F.2d 641, 644 (6th Cir. 1988), the magistrate judge here did not award any damages. Rather, the magistrate judge held that, as a matter of law, Clinch Valley failed to prove an essential element of its breach of contract claim (damages). As such, review is de novo.
B.
1.
The elements a breach of contract claim include (1) the existence of an enforceable contract, (2) nonperformance amounting to a breach of the contract, and (3) damages caused by the breach of the contract. See Life Care Centers of America, Inc. v. Charles Town Assocs. Ltd. Partnership, LPIMC, Inc., 79 F.3d 496, 514 (6th Cir. 1996)(applying Tennessee law). The only element in dispute here is whether
Tennessee law permits lost-profit to be recovered following a breach of contract.
2.
With these principles in mind, after reviewing Clinch Valley’s evidence of lost-profit, which consists of a single-page document apparently completed by its president, Doyle Rasnick, we cannot conclude that the magistrate judge erred in concluding that the evidence of Clinch Valley’s lost-profit was speculative. There is no indication Clinch Valley presented any evidence to explain its lost-profit figure, other than Rasnick’s testimony regarding the document. Notably, Clinch Valley’s lost-profit calculation ($209,093.28), far exceeds its net profits in the preceding years. See JA at p. 196 (showing a summary of Clinch Valley’s net profits).
. Clinch Valley argues that it is entitled to lost-profit under two alternative damage theories: (1) the U.C.C. as adopted in Tennessee, or (2) Tennessee common law. IHRA argues that Clinch Valley waived the U.C.C. theory by not arguing it below. We need not address which theory applies because we assume, for purposes of this appeal, that Clinch Valley is entitled to recover its lost-profit as a result of IHRA’s breach.
. For example, Clinch Valley earned a net profit of $28,000.00 in 1997, when the contract was in effect. In 1998, however, using Clinch Valley's lost-profit calculations, Clinch Valley says it would have earned a net profit of over $200,000.00 if the contract had not been breached.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- CLINCH VALLEY PRINTING COMPANY, INC. v. INTERNATIONAL HOT ROD ASSOCIATION, INC.
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published