Gravitt v. Tyszkiewicz
Opinion of the Court
ORDER
Darwin Gravitt, a Michigan prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals a district court order dismissing his petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. This ease has been referred to a panel of the court pursuant to Rule 34(j)(l), Rules of the Sixth Circuit. Upon examination, this panel unanimously agrees that oral argument is not needed. Fed. R.App. P. 34(a).
Gravitt’s habeas petition is difficult to read or understand and it is not clear what he is challenging. But it appears that Gravitt was convicted of criminal sexual conduct, second degree, in 1978 and was sentenced to four to fifteen years in prison. In 1981, he was convicted of an unspecified assault crime and received a thirteen to twenty years prison sentence. He was
Initially, we note that the respondent argues that this appeal should be dismissed. The respondent takes the position that the district court violated the requirements of Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 120 S.Ct. 1595, 146 L.Ed.2d 542 (2000), when it granted Gravitt a certificate of appealability. The district court denied Gravitt’s habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the merits of his claims. The Supreme Court held in Slack that when a district court denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the petitioner’s underlying claims, a certificate of appealability should issue if the petitioner shows that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petitioner states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right, and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling. Id at 484, 120 S.Ct. 1595. Each of these steps is “part of a threshold inquiry” that must be satisfied before the court of appeals may hear the appeal. Id. at 485, 120 S.Ct. 1595. However, where, as here, the district court has invested time in the certification process and the parties have briefed the merits of the appeal, the court will not review the district court’s decision concerning the certificate of appealability. See Porterfield v. Bell, 258 F.3d 484, 485 (6th Cir. 2001). Therefore, the respondent’s request to dismiss the appeal is denied and this court will consider the merits of this appeal.
This court reviews a district court’s disposition of a habeas corpus petition de novo. See Harris v. Stovall, 212 F.3d 940, 941 (6th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 532 U.S. 947, 121 S.Ct. 1415, 149 L.Ed.2d 356 (2001). Upon review, we conclude that the district court properly held that Gravitt’s petition was barred by the statute of limitations. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”) applies to this case because Gravitt filed his petition for a writ of habeas corpus after the AED-PA’s effective date of April 24, 1996. The AEDPA contains a one year statute of limitations. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). Gravitt’s convictions became final before the effective date of the AEDPA. Therefore, absent state post-conviction or other collateral review proceedings, Gravitt would have been required to file his habeas petition by April 24, 1997, to comply with the one-year limitations period. See Austin v. Mitchell, 200 F.3d 391, 393 (6th Cir. 1999), cert. denied, 530 U.S. 1210, 120 S.Ct. 2211, 147 L.Ed.2d 244 (2000); Hoggro v. Boone, 150 F.3d 1223, 1226-27 (10th Cir. 1998).
It is unclear whether Gravitt ever sought post-conviction or collateral review of any of these convictions. The respondent submits docket sheets from a number of cases that Gravitt filed with the Michigan Court of Appeals. However, it is unclear whether any of these actions challenged Gravitt’s criminal convictions or constituted a “properly filed” application for post-conviction relief. Gravitt does not assert in his habeas petition that he ever sought post-conviction relief with the Michigan courts. However, even if these state court actions were construed as such, the most recent Michigan Court of Appeals matter concluded on November 12, 1997.
Gravitt has not shown that equitable tolling principles should apply to permit review of his time-barred claims for habeas corpus relief. The standard to be applied to determine whether equitable tolling of a limitations period is appropriate is this court’s five part test set out in Andrews v. Orr, 851 F.2d 146 (6th Cir. 1988). See Dunlap v. United States, 250 F.3d 1001, 1008-09 (6th Cir. 2001). The court must consider the following factors: (1) lack of actual notice of filing requirement; (2) lack of constructive knowledge of filing requirement; (3) diligence in pursuing one’s rights; (4) absence of prejudice to the defendant; and (5) a petitioner’s reasonableness in remaining ignorant of the notice requirement. Id. at 1008 (citing Andrews, 851 F.2d at 150). Considering these factors, we conclude that Gravitt has failed to meet his burden of proof.
Accordingly, the district court’s order dismissing Gravitt’s habeas petition as untimely is affirmed. Rule 34(j)(2)(C), Rules of the Sixth Circuit.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Darwin GRAVITT, also known as Prince Gravitt v. Zbigniew TYSZKIEWICZ
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published