United States v. Murillo-Iniguez
United States v. Murillo-Iniguez
Opinion
5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH] 1R 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH
(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21 )(' $SS 3 WK &LU
DFWXDOO\ D mVHQWHQFH RI LPSULVRQPHQWl RI HLJKW PRQWKV )LOH 1DPH DS
EHFDXVHWKDWLVWKHWLPHKHVHUYHG 7KH8QLWHG6WDWHVILUVWDUJXHVWKDWWKHUHLVQRHYLGHQFHLQ 81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 WKHUHFRUGWKDWWKHUHPDLQGHURI0XULOOR,QLJXH]j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s8/,2 &(6$5 085,//2 6HQWHQFLQJ*XLGHOLQHVm1RUPDOO\WKHVHQWHQFLQJFRXUWPXVW XVHWKH*XLGHOLQHVLQHIIHFWDWWKHWLPHRIVHQWHQFLQJl8QLWHG ,1,*8(= 6WDWHVY0LOWRQ)G WK&LU 0XULOOR 'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW ,QLJXH] GRHV QRW VXJJHVW WKDW WKH DPHQGPHQW RI WKH *XLGHOLQHV ZDV PHDQW WR EH UHWURDFWLYH RU WKDW LW PHUHO\ 1 FODULILHVWKHIRUPHUYHUVLRQ7KHFKDQJHVLQWKH*XLGHOLQHDUH $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW VXEVWDQWLYH $V D UHVXOW WKHUH LV QR UHDVRQ WKDW 0XULOOR IRUWKH1RUWKHUQ'LVWULFWRI2KLRDW7ROHGR ,QLJXH]VKRXOGEHVHQWHQFHGXQGHUWKHDPHQGHG*XLGHOLQHV 1RnsDPHV*&DUU'LVWULFWsXGJH +LV VHQWHQFH HQKDQFHPHQW RI VL[WHHQ OHYHOV IRU WKH SULRU FRQYLFWLRQRIDQDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\ZDVSURSHU $UJXHG sDQXDU\ )RUWKHIRUHJRLQJUHDVRQVZH$)),50WKHMXGJPHQWDQG 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG )HEUXDU\ VHQWHQFHRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW %HIRUH 0$57,1&KLHI&LUFXLWsXGJH 0(55,77DQG /$<&LUFXLWsXGJHV
7KH +RQRUDEOH 'RQDOG 3 /D\ &LUFXLW sXGJH RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RXUW RI $SSHDOV IRU WKH (LJKWK &LUFXLW VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ
8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH] 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH]
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB VXVSHQGHG µVHQWHQFH RI LPSULVRQPHQWj UHIHUV RQO\ WR WKH SRUWLRQWKDWZDVQRWVXVSHQGHGl &2816(/ 7KLV ILQGLQJ ZRXOG EH JHUPDQH 0XULOOR,QLJXH] DUJXHV $5*8(' (ODLQH 0LWWOHPDQ )DOOV &KXUFK 9LUJLQLD IRU EHFDXVHWKH*XLGHOLQHV6HFWLRQXQGHUZKLFKKHZDVVHQWHQFHG $SSHOODQW'DYLG2%DXHU$66,67$1781,7('67$7(6 IRU WKH LOOHJDO UHHQWU\ 6HFWLRQ / ZDV DPHQGHG LQ $77251(< 7ROHGR 2KLR IRU $SSHOOHH 21 %5,() 1RYHPEHURI:KHUHDVWKHVHFWLRQIRUPHUO\DSSOLHGWKH (ODLQH 0LWWOHPDQ )DOOV &KXUFK 9LUJLQLD IRU $SSHOODQW LQFUHDVH RI VL[WHHQ OHYHOV IRU D FRQYLFWLRQ RI DJJUDYDWHG 'DYLG 2 %DXHU $66,67$17 81,7(' 67$7(6 IHORQ\WKHVHFWLRQQRZWLHUVWKHHQKDQFHPHQWDVIROORZV $77251(<7ROHGR2KLRIRU$SSHOOHH / 81/$:)8//< (17(5,1* 25 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 5(0$,1,1*,17+(81,7('67$7(6 D %DVH2IIHQVH/HYHO 23,1,21 E 6SHFLILF2IIHQVH&KDUDFWHULVWLF BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB $SSO\WKH*UHDWHVW ,IWKHGHIHQGDQWSUHYLRXVO\ZDVGHSRUWHGRUXQODZIXOO\ %2<&()0$57,1sU&KLHI&LUFXLWsXGJHs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jVGHFLVLRQLQ$SSUHQGL YLL DQ DOLHQ VPXJJOLQJ RIIHQVH FRPPLWWHG IRU SURILW Y1HZsHUVH\86 WKDW WKHGLVWULFWFRXUW LQFUHDVHE\OHYHOV PDGHQRILQGLQJDVWRKLVmVHQWHQFHRILPSULVRQPHQW l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
)G WK &LU 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y mDJJUDYDWHG IHORQ\l 0XULOOR,QLJXH] REMHFWHG WR WKH 6DQGRYDO5RFFD1R:/ WK&LU FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI WKLV RIIHQVH DV VXFK ERWK LQ WKH SUH 'HF VHQWHQFHUHSRUWDQGDWVHQWHQFLQJ7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWKHDUG DUJXPHQWRQWKHREMHFWLRQRYHUUXOHGLWDQGQRWHGFRXQVHOjV 0XULOOR,QLJXH] KRZHYHU ZRXOG QRW VXFFHHG LQ DQ H[FHSWLRQ $SSUHQGLFODLPHYHQKDGZHGHFLGHGWRGLIIHUZLWKRXUVLVWHU FLUFXLWV 7KH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV FRUUHFW LQ SRLQWLQJ RXW WKDW %HFDXVH0XULOOR,QLJXH]jV FRQYLFWLRQZDVFRQVLGHUHG 0XULOOR,QLJXH] KDV IRFXVHG RQ WKH ZURQJ DVSHFW RI DQmDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\lKLVEDVHRIIHQVHOHYHOZDVHLJKWDQG $SSUHQGLjVFRUHKROGLQJ,QWKLVKROGLQJm2WKHUWKDQWKHIDFW WKH HQKDQFHPHQW LQFUHDVHG WKH RIIHQVH OHYHO E\ VL[WHHQ WR RIDSULRUFRQYLFWLRQDQ\IDFWWKDWLQFUHDVHVWKHSHQDOW\IRUD WZHQW\IRXU 0XULOOR,QLJXH] ZDV VHQWHQFHG WR VHYHQW\ FULPH EH\RQG WKH SUHVFULEHG VWDWXWRU\ PD[LPXP PXVW EH PRQWKVLQMDLO+HQRZDSSHDOVKLVVHQWHQFH VXEPLWWHGWRDMXU\DQGSURYHGEH\RQGDUHDVRQDEOHGRXEWl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m$SSUHQGLGRHVQRWSXUSRUWWRDSSO\WRSHQDOWLHVLQH[FHVVRI PDNH D ILQGLQJ DV WR ZKHWKHU RU QRW KLV FRFDLQH RIIHQVH DQ\SDUWLFXODUUDQJHRUEDVHGRQDQ\SDUWLFXODURIIHQVHOHYHO FRQVWLWXWHG DQ mDJJUDYDWHG IHORQ\l IRU SXUSRVHV RI WKH XQGHU WKH 6HQWHQFLQJ *XLGHOLQHVl 6R ORQJ DV WKH SHQDOW\ VHQWHQFH HQKDQFHPHQW XQGHU *XLGHOLQHV 6HFWLRQ GRHVQRWH[FHHGWKHPD[LPXPVWDWXWRU\SHQDOW\DOORZHGIRU / E $ 6HFWLRQ E 7LWOH VWDWHV WKDW WKHRIIHQVHWKHQ$SSUHQGLLVQRWLPSOLFDWHG6HHDOVR8QLWHG m>F@ULPLQDO SHQDOWLHV IRU UHHQWU\ RI >SUHYLRXVO\ GHSRUWHG 6WDWHVY+DUSHU)G WK&LU UHYHUVHG DOLHQV@ ZKRVH UHPRYDO ZDV VXEVHTXHQW WR D FRQYLFWLRQ IRU RQRWKHUJURXQGV FRPPLVVLRQRIDQDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\VKDOOEHILQHGXQGHU VXFK7LWOH>@LPSULVRQHGQRWPRUHWKDQ\HDUVRUERWKl 0XULOOR,QLJXH]PDNHVDILQDOWZRSDUWDUJXPHQWDERXWKLV 7KHVHQWHQFHHQKDQFHPHQWLVDXWKRUL]HGE\WKH6HQWHQFLQJ VHQWHQFH)LUVWKHFODLPVWKDWWKHUHZDVQRH[SOLFLWILQGLQJ *XLGHOLQHV6HFWLRQ/ E $ 7KLV6HFWLRQVSHFLILHVD LQWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWDVWRKLVmVHQWHQFHRILPSULVRQPHQWl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mLOOLFLW WUDIILFNLQJ LQ D *XLGHOLQH $ VD\V m E 6HQWHQFH RI ,PSULVRQPHQW FRQWUROOHGVXEVWDQFHl86& D % %HFDXVH 'HILQHG 7KHWHUPµVHQWHQFHRILPSULVRQPHQWjPHDQVD 0XULOOR,QLJXH]jV FRQYLFWLRQ XQGHU 86& VHQWHQFHRILQFDUFHUDWLRQDQGUHIHUVWRWKHPD[LPXPVHQWHQFH IDOOVXQGHUWKH&RQWUROOHG6XEVWDQFH,PSRUWDQG([SRUW$FW LPSRVHG ,I SDUW RI D VHQWHQFH RI LPSULVRQPHQW ZDV DQGEHFDXVHWKHRIIHQVHZDVDIHORQ\ DQRIIHQVHSXQLVKDEOH 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH] 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH]
E\ PRUH WKDQ RQH \HDU WKH RIIHQVH TXDOLILHV DV DQ WKHRIIHQVHRILOOHJDOHQWU\RUVLPSO\DVHQWHQFLQJIDFWRU7KLV mDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\l TXHVWLRQ ZDV DQVZHUHG E\ WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW LQ $OPHQGDUH]7RUUHV Y 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 86 0XULOOR,QLJXH]QHYHUWKHOHVVFODLPVWKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW 7KH &RXUW KHOG WKDW 6HFWLRQ E ZDV D mSHQDOW\ QHYHUPDGHDQH[SOLFLWILQGLQJDVWRWKDWIDFW:HUHYLHZWKH SURYLVLRQ ZKLFK VLPSO\ DXWKRUL]HV D FRXUW WR LQFUHDVH WKH UHFRUG DV D ZKROH WR GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU RU QRW WKH GLVWULFW VHQWHQFHIRUDUHFLGLYLVWl,GDW$VZHDQDO\]HGWKH FRXUWZDVDZDUHRIKLVGLVFUHWLRQLQWKHPDWWHUDQGSURSHUO\ RSLQLRQLQ8QLWHG6WDWHVY*DWHZRRG)G WK H[HUFLVHG WKDW GLVFUHWLRQ LQ PDNLQJ DQ LQIRUPHG OHJDO &LU ZHVDLGm7KH&RXUWUHMHFWHGWKHDUJXPHQWWKDW MXGJPHQW$VWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVSRLQWVRXW0XULOOR,QLJXH] EHFDXVHWKHIDFWRIUHFLGLYLVPLQFUHDVHGWKHPD[LPXPSHQDOW\ REMHFWHG WR WKH FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI KLV RIIHQVH DV DQ WR ZKLFK D GHIHQGDQW ZDV H[SRVHG &RQJUHVV ZDV mDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\lLQWKHSUHVHQWHQFHUHSRUW+HFODLPHG FRQVWLWXWLRQDOO\UHTXLUHGWRWUHDWUHFLGLYLVPDVDQHOHPHQWRI EHFDXVHKHGLGQRWLQWHQGWRGLVWULEXWHWKHFRFDLQHKLVZDV WKHFULPHWKDWPXVWEHFKDUJHGLQWKHLQGLFWPHQWDQGSURYHQ QRW D GUXJ WUDIILFNLQJ RIIHQVH 7KH 3UREDWLRQ 2IILFHU EH\RQGDUHDVRQDEOHGRXEWl SUHSDULQJWKHUHSRUWUHVSRQGHGWRWKHREMHFWLRQVWDWLQJWKH SHUVRQDOXVHFODLPZDVVHOIVHUYLQJDQGWKDWWKHDPRXQWRI 7KLVKROGLQJLQVSLWHRI0XULOOR,QLJXH]jVDUJXPHQWZDV FRFDLQHDWLVVXHHLJKW\VHYHQJUDPVZDVQRWFRQVLVWHQWZLWK QRW H[SOLFLWO\ RYHUUXOHG E\ $SSUHQGL Y 1HZ sHUVH\ SHUVRQDOXVHH[SRVLQJ0XULOOR,QLJXH]WRSXQLVKPHQWRIXS $SSUHQGLjV UXOH KROGV WKDW m>R@WKHU WKDQ WKH IDFW RI D SULRU WRWZHQW\\HDUV7KHREMHFWLRQDQGUHVSRQVHZHUHPDGHSDUW FRQYLFWLRQ DQ\ IDFW WKDW LQFUHDVHV WKH SHQDOW\ IRU D FULPH RIWKHSUHVHQWHQFHUHSRUWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWUHFHLYHG EH\RQGWKHSUHVFULEHGVWDWXWRU\PD[LPXPPXVWEHVXEPLWWHG WRDMXU\DQGSURYHGEH\RQGDUHDVRQDEOHGRXEWl86DW 0XULOOR,QLJXH]UHQHZHGKLVREMHFWLRQDWWKHVHQWHQFLQJ :H KDYH VDLG m$OWKRXJK WKH &RXUW V GHFLVLRQ LQ 7KH FRXUW KHDUG DUJXPHQW RQ WKH TXHVWLRQ DQG WKH 8QLWHG $SSUHQGL DUJXDEO\ FDVWV GRXEW RQ WKH FRUUHFWQHVV RI WKH 6WDWHVQRWHGWKDWHLJKW\VHYHQJUDPVLVDERXWZRUWKRI KROGLQJ LQ $OPHQGDUH]7RUUHV $OPHQGDUH]7RUUHV FRFDLQH 7KH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV $WWRUQH\ ZHQW RQ WR QRWH WKDW UHPDLQVWKHODZl*DWHZRRG)GDW FRPPRQVWUHHWXVDJHRUVDOHLVEHWZHHQKDOIDJUDPDQGDIXOO JUDP0XULOOR,QLJXH]KDGHLJKW\VHYHQJUDPVDQDPRXQW $OWKRXJKZHKDYHQRSXEOLVKHGRSLQLRQVRQWKHLVVXHZH LQFRQVLVWHQW ZLWK SHUVRQDO XVH )XUWKHU WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV QRZFKRRVHWRMRLQZLWKRXUVLVWHUFLUFXLWVLQUHVROYLQJWKH SRLQWHGRXW0XULOOR,QLJXH]KDVQRDSSDUHQWOLYHOLKRRGDQG TXHVWLRQ DV LW VSHFLILFDOO\ DSSOLHV WR 0XULOOR,QLJXH]jV KHZRXOGKDYHQRPHDQVWRSXUFKDVHWKLVNLQGRIDPRXQWIRU DUJXPHQW :H DJUHH ZLWK RXU VLVWHU FLUFXLWV WKDW WKH KLVRZQXVH7KHFRXUWKHDUGIURP0XULOOR,QLJXH]DQGLW GHIHQGDQWjV SULRU FRQYLFWLRQ ZDV DQ mDJJUDYDWHG IHORQ\l WKHQDQQRXQFHGWKDWWKHRQO\ZD\LWFRXOGUHGXFHWKHVHQWHQFH ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ RI 6HFWLRQ EHFDXVH 86& ZRXOGEHLILWIRXQGWKHFULPLQDOKLVWRU\FDWHJRU\RYHUVWDWHG F WRJHWKHUZLWK86& D E H[SOLFLWO\VR WKHFULPLQDOKLVWRU\%DVHGRQWKHVHQWHQFLQJGHFLVLRQWKH VWDWH7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWKDGQRFKRLFHEXWWRVRLQWHUSUHWWKH GLVWULFWFRXUWPDGHDQGWKHHYLGHQFHLQWKHUHFRUGWKHGLVWULFW SODLQ ODQJXDJH RI WKHVH VWDWXWHV DV LW GLG 7KHUH LV QR FRXUWGLGLQIDFWPDNHDILQGLQJWKDW0XULOOR,QLJXH]jV $SSUHQGL FODLP LQ WKLV FDVH 6HH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y FRQYLFWLRQ FRQVWLWXWHG DQ mDJJUDYDWHG IHORQ\l IRU WKH .HPSLV%RQROD)G WK&LU VHHDOVR SXUSRVHVRIVHQWHQFHHQKDQFHPHQW 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0HUFHGHV)G G&LU 8QLWHG6WDWHVY$UHOODQR5LYHUD)G WK 0XULOOR,QLJXH] QH[W UDLVHV WKH TXHVWLRQ RI ZKHWKHU KLV &LU 8QLWHG6WDWHVY3DORPLQR5LYHUD)G SULRUFRQYLFWLRQIRUDQDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\ZDVDQHOHPHQWRI WK&LU 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0DUWLQH]9LOODOYD
Reference
- Status
- Published