Folkstone Maritime, Ltd. v. CSX Corp.
Folkstone Maritime, Ltd. v. CSX Corp.
Opinion of the Court
On May 6, 1988, the M/V Pontokratis was passing through the navigable channel of the Calumet River in Chicago when it ran into a railroad bridge. On May 9, Folkstone Maritime, Ltd. (“Folkstone”), a Cyprus corporation and the owner of the Pontokratis, a vessel under Cyprus registration, sued CSX Corporation and CSX Transportation, Inc. (“the Railroad”), the bridge’s owners, alleging negligence in its óperation. On May 11, the Railroad answered and asserted a counterclaim against Folkstone, alleging negligence in navigation. The Railroad also counterclaimed in rem against the Pontokratis and had the vessel arrested. The in rem action is the subject of this appeal.
Soon after the filing of the counterclaims, Folkstone sought a hearing in the district court to determine the amount of security required to release the Pontokra-tis from arrest. Folkstone requested the hearing pursuant to Rule E(5)(a) of the Supplemental Rules for Certain Admiralty and Maritime Claims, which limits the amount of security necessary to release a vessel in these circumstances to the lesser of twice the amount of the plaintiff’s claim or the duly appraised value of the ship. The Railroad, on the other hand, asked the district court to set the amount of the release bond pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2464, which provides for security of twice the amount of plaintiff’s claim. As the parties’ positions suggest, it was clear that the Railroad’s claimed damages of over $12 million far exceeded the value of even the pre-collision Pontokratis.
After conducting a hearing on the question of the Pontokratis’s value, the district court on May 27,1988 held that Supplemental Rule E(5)(a) superseded 28 U.S.C. § 2464 and controlled the determination of the amount of the release bond. The court also held that the determination of the Pontokratis’s value for purposes of Supplemental Rule E(5)(a) should be based on the ship’s damaged condition on the date of its arrest, not on its pre-collision condition. Pursuant to these conclusions, the district court set the principal sum of the release bond at $4.58 million. On June 2, the court denied the Railroad’s motion for reconsideration or, in the alternative, for certification under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b). On June 3, 1988, the Railroad filed the first of these consolidated appeals.
On June 6, Folkstone filed its release bond and requested the clerk to issue a Writ of Restitution ordering the Marshal to release the Pontokratis. The clerk refused, so on June 9, Folkstone asked the district court for an order directing the clerk to issue the Writ of Restitution. The court denied Folkstone’s motion, holding that it no longer had jurisdiction over the dispute because of the Railroad’s appeal filed on June 3. We reversed that ruling on June 15, however, and on June 16 the district court issued the Writ of Restitution and denied the Railroad’s motion to stay the Pontokratis’s release pending appeal, prompting the latter to file the second of these consolidated appeals. That same day, the Pontokratis was released from custodia legis and is no longer within the district court’s territorial jurisdiction.
That the Pontokratis is now far away is a problem, although not one dis
The Railroad wants from us a determination, in one form or another, that the district court should have set the Pontokra-tis ’s release bond at a higher amount. But what are the chances of such a determination having an effect on this litigation? When the district court set the amount of the release bond in the first instance, Folk-stone had two options: it could have foregone paying the release bond and left the Pontokratis behind to satisfy any judgment obtained by the Railroad, or it could have paid the bond and secured the release of the vessel. Folkstone obviously chose the latter course because the Pontokratis was worth more to it, even in its damaged condition, than the amount of the release bond. That choice illustrates a point emphasized by the Railroad — that an arrested vessel may be worth- more to its owner than its “duly appraised” resale or market value, perhaps substantially more, because the owner may place a high value on the loss of the use of the vessel. As the Railroad points out, this means that the owner of an arrested vessel can be forced tp pay an amount higher than the vessel’s appraised market or resale value in order to secure its release. According to the Railroad, it should therefore be entitled to use this excess value as “economic leverage” over the vessel’s owner, and 28 U.S.C. § 2464 should govern the determination of the amount of the release bond because Supplemental Rule E(5)(a) precludes such economic leveraging by limiting the amount of the release bond to the vessel’s appraised value.
We need not consider this argument, because the vessel is gone and neither we nor the district court have the power to bring it back. See Thyssen Steel Corp. v. Federal Commerce & Navigation Co., Ltd., 274 F.Supp. 18, 20-21 (S.D.N.Y. 1967) (“existing authority is to the effect that the court cannot order a shipowner to harbor his ship, which is in international waters, in order that it might provide security for a plaintiff’s unproven claim”) (citing Supplemental Rule E(3)(a), which provides that “[pjrocess in rem and of maritime attachment and garnishment shall be served only within the district,” and the advisory notes thereto); see also The Gasconier, 8 F.2d 104, 105 (E.D.N.Y. 1924) (“a vessel discharged from arrest upon admiralty process by the giving of a bond ... returns to her owner freed forever from the lien upon which she was arrested, and can never be seized again”). So even if we were to grant the Railroad’s request for a determination that it is entitled to more security, what could happen? Folkstone might send the Railroad a check for the additional amount, but that seems highly unlikely. Folkstone might sail the Pontokratis back to Chicago and hand it over to the Railroad, giving the latter roughly what it might have received had the release bond been set at a higher amount in the first instance, but that, too, seems doubtful. Most likely, Folkstone would do absolutely nothing, which would render any review of the district court’s determination of the amount of the release bond an “empty rite,” see Swift & Co. Packers v. Compania Colombiana Del Caribe, 339 U.S. 684, 689, 70 S.Ct. 861, 865, 94 L.Ed. 1206 (1950), and therefore moot.
In sum, the district court’s determination of the amount of the Pontokratis's release bond is water under the bridge, and the railroad’s appeal is therefore
DISMISSED.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- FOLKSTONE MARITIME, LTD., a Cyprus Corporation, and Counterdefendant-Appellee v. CSX CORPORATION, a corporation, and CSX Transportation, Inc., a corporation, and Counterplaintiffs-Appellants v. The M/V PONTOKRATIS, a vessel, Counterdefendant-Appellee
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published