Swank v. Smart
Opinion of the Court
Gary Swank appeals from an unfavorable jury verdict. Briefly, the relevant facts are as follows.
The Public Safety Committee met, with Swank and Smart present. Smart read the charges and Swank admitted some and denied others. Then everyone read Smart’s argument or memorandum on the deleterious effect Swank’s action might have on the police department relations with the local college. Tomlinson asked Swank if he had anything to' sáy and Swank did not. At that point, Swank and Smart were both excused; the Committee met and voted unanimously to suspend Swank with pay and to recommend his termination to the City Council. Swank and Smart were readmitted to the meeting and told of the Committee’s decision. Swank asked for a hearing. Nightingale offered him a hearing at which he could be represented by a lawyer. One Committee mem
On appeal, Swank argues that the district judge incorrectly applied our first decision in this matter, Swank v. Smart, 898 F.2d 1247 (7th Cir. 1990) (“Swank I”). He particularly objects to the district court reopening the issue of what occurred during the Public Safety Committee meeting, arguing that the law of the case theory should have foreclosed that issue at trial. Our previous decision was based on a summary judgment record, not a full trial record. Swank I assumed that Swank never saw the argument section of Smart’s memorandum. Uncontro-verted evidence at trial clarified the factual record, showing that Swank had read Smart’s memorandum, had a chance to respond to it during the Public Safety Committee meeting, and opted not to take that opportunity. It was entirely appropriate for the district judge to allow this key fact to be elucidated at the trial.
Swank’s remaining arguments are equally unavailing. He argues that the district court botched the instructions on waiver and improperly interrupted his closing argument to reiterate the erroneous standard. We find no error in the waiver instructions. The jury had appropriate information about what constitutes an effective waiver. Because presumptions are not evidence and can be confusing to a jury, a district court does not give instructions about presumptions; it instructs the jury on which party bears the burden of persuasion on an issue and that is sufficient. We also find no error in the interruption of closing argument. The district court attempted to correct counsel’s erroneous argument to the jury, that a valid offer for a hearing had to include specific mention of the student’s statement, outside the presence of the jury; only when counsel misstated the same point again did the district court interrupt and instruct th& jury.
Swank concedes that there was sufficient evidence to support the jury’s verdict that he waived his right to a post-termination hearing. He argues only that the verdict was based on erroneous instructions by the court. Having found the instructions proper, we look no further. We do note, however, that in Swank I, we described the factual dispute surrounding the waiver issue: The defendants claimed to have offered to arrange a hearing with counsel present.after Swank’s request, but one suggested that the meeting had been a hearing, to which Swank agreed and added that he was not going to sue anyway. Swank claimed that, after he requested a hearing, Tomlinson told him that he had had his hearing already. We characterized the defendants’ version of this exchange as waiver and the plaintiffs as no opportunity for a further hearing. - This key credibility decision stood in the way of our grant of summary judgment -on liability. Swank I, 898 F.2d at 1256. Now the jury has spoken, crediting the defendants’ version and finding waiver. If there is an argument for applying the law of the case theory to this case, it would favor the defendants.
In addition, Swank argues that the court should have granted his motion in li-mine concerning the student’s statement. Swank wanted to introduce those portions he considered helpful, with' the unfavorable parts redacted. The statement includes a specific denial that any sexual misconduct took place during the ride, and Swank wanted to offer that as proof of what Smart knew when he appeared at the meeting. The portions he sought to exclude, however, are also relevant to what Smart knew as he pursued Swank’s termination: The student felt misled about Swank’s marital status, arid she was generally disaffected by the experience. At any rate, the woman testified at trial as Swank’s witness. Both sides had ample opportunity to review her statement with her and clarify her remarks to Smart. Moreover, Swank did not reneyp his motion, with an explanation or argument about the possible prejudicial effect, at the time the statement was admitted. The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying'Swank’s motion in limine.
For these reasons, we Affirm the judgment of the district court.
. For a more detailed description of the background facts, see Swank v. Smart, 898 F.2d 1247 (7th Cir. 1990).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Gary D. SWANK v. James SMART, Individually and as City Marshal, City of Carthage, Illinois, James R. Nightingale, Individually and as Mayor of the City of Carthage and as a member of the Public Safety Committee of the City Council of Carthage, Illinois, William Tomlinson, Individually and as a member of the Public Safety Committee of the City Council of Carthage, Illinois
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published