Maple Lanes, Inc. v. Messer
Opinion of the Court
On May 9, 1996, Mel Messer, Sheriff of Ogle County, Illinois, issued the following statement to the Rochelle News-Leader, a local newspaper: “We are targeting businesses that supplement their income with cocaine and drug sales, just like we did with Frankie’s in Rochelle.” The newspaper published this statement, and- shortly thereafter the city of Rochelle revoked the liquor license held by Maple Lanes, Inc., d/b/a Frankie’s. In response, Maple Lanes and Kenneth George, Sr., its president and principal shareholder (collectively referred to as “Maple Lanes”), filed suit against Messer, individually and in his official capacity as Sheriff of Ogle County, and the Ogle County Sheriffs Department, claiming that Messer violated their civil rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. According to the complaint, the alleged false and defamatory statement resulted in the revocation of Maple Lanes’s liquor license and caused a loss of property and economic interest without due process of law and a host of other injuries to George.
The district court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The court first noted that the Ogle County Sheriffs Department was an improper party based on the fact that no such governmental entity existed. The court dismissed the remaining claims against Messer because the city of Rochelle, and not Messer, actually deprived Maple Lanes of its alleged property interest, the liquor license. In essence, the district court determined that the defamatory statement made by Messer was separate and distinct from the revocation of Maple Lanes’s liquor license, as it was the city and not the sheriff that revoked the license. Maple Lanes appeals only the district court’s determination with respect to the claims against Messer.
We review a district court’s grant of a motion pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) de novo, accepting all of the well-pleaded allegations in the complaint as true and
Within the state of Illinois, the Liquor Control Act of 1934 governs the revocation of liquor licenses and administrative and judicial review of such revocations. See Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/1-1 et seq. According to the Act, the local liquor commissioner may revoke any license issued by him if he determines that the licensee has violated any of the provisions of the Act, any valid ordinance or resolution enacted by the local government, or any rule or regulation established by the local or state liquor commission. See 235 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/7-5. A liquor license may only be revoked after a public hearing and pursuant to a written order by the local commissioner. Id. The Act provides for administrative review of any revocation to the Illinois Liquor Control Commission, see 235 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/7-9, and for judicial review pursuant to the provisions of the Illinois Administrative Review Law, see 235 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/7-11. If a licensee is unsuccessful in his pursuit of review of the revocation of the license according to the procedures set forth in the Act, the revocation of the liquor license results in a final state court judgment against the licensee.
During oral argument and in response to a question posed by this Court, counsel for Maple Lanes represented that Maple Lanes pursued state court review of the revocation of its liquor license to an unsuccessful end. In the case before us, it is apparent that Maple Lanes seeks to attack collaterally the revocation of its liquor license by asserting a defamation case against Messer. The statement Messer made to the Rochelle Netos-Leader set in motion a proceeding that led to the valid revocation of Maple Lanes’s liquor license. Maple Lanes was unsuccessful in its efforts to get the license restored through state court proceedings and now seeks the monetary value of this license as damages in its defamation suit by attempting to mount an end-run around the adverse outcome in state court.
The Rooker-Feldman doctrine prohibits federal courts from exercising subject matter jurisdiction over claims seeking review of state court judgments. See Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413, 415-16, 44 S.Ct. 149, 68 L.Ed. 362 (1923); District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 482-86, 103 S.Ct. 1303, 75 L.Ed.2d 206 (1983). In assessing the applicability of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, “the fundamental and appropriate question to ask is whether the injury alleged by the federal plaintiff resulted from the state court judgment itself or is distinct from that judgment.” Garry v. Geils, 82 F.3d 1362, 1365 (7th Cir. 1996). The injury of which Maple Lanes complains- — the loss of the liquor license— stems directly from the state court judgment upholding the revocation of the license. Maple Lanes’s effort to portray this injury as a federal civil rights violation is insufficient to overcome the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. A plaintiff may not circumvent the effect of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine simply by casting his complaint in the form of a federal civil rights action. See Ritter v. Ross, 992 F.2d 750, 754 (7th Cir. 1993). In essence, Maple Lanes seeks to undo the effect of the revocation of its liquor license by collecting an amount of damages from Messer for the alleged violation of its constitutional rights equal to the monetary value of the license. The Rooker-Feldman doctrine does not permit this result.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- MAPLE LANES, INC., d/b/a Frankie's and Kenneth J. George, Sr. v. Mel MESSER, individually and in his official capacity as Sheriff of Ogle County and Ogle County Sheriffs Department
- Cited By
- 38 cases
- Status
- Published