Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 1 of 35 PageID #:833

SHORT RECORD NO. 18-2792 FILED 08/17/2018 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 2 of 35 PageID #:834 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 3 of 35 PageID #:835 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 4 of 35 PageID #:836 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 5 of 35 PageID #:837 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 6 of 35 PageID #:838 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 7 of 35 PageID #:839 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 8 of 35 PageID #:840 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 9 of 35 PageID #:841 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 10 of 35 PageID #:842 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 11 of 35 PageID #:843 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 9 Filed: 08/07/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:23

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE Northern District of Illinois − CM/ECF LIVE, Ver 6.1.1.2 Eastern Division

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Plaintiff, v. Case No.: 1:17−cr−00517 Honorable Michael T. Mason Andrew Johnston Defendant.

NOTIFICATION OF DOCKET ENTRY

This docket entry was made by the Clerk on Monday, August 7, 2017:

MINUTE entry before the Honorable Michael T. Mason:Detention hearing as to Andrew Johnston held on 8/7/17. For the reasons stated in open court, the Court finds that defendant is a danger to the community. Detention order to follow. Defendant shall remain in custody until further order of the Court. Mailed notice. (rbf, )

ATTENTION: This notice is being sent pursuant to Rule 77(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or Rule 49(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. It was generated by CM/ECF, the automated docketing system used to maintain the civil and criminal dockets of this District. If a minute order or other document is enclosed, please refer to it for additional information. For scheduled events, motion practices, recent opinions and other information, visit our web site at www.ilnd.uscourts.gov. Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 10 Filed: 08/07/17 Page 1 of 2 PageID #:24 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 10 Filed: 08/07/17 Page 2 of 2 PageID #:25 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 28 Filed: 08/21/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:120

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

United States of America, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) No. 17 CR 517-1 ) Andrew Johnston, ) Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer ) ) Defendant. )

ORDER

Motion hearing held on 8/21/2017. Defendant’s emergency notice of appeal is denied. The Magistrate Judge’s decision to detain Mr. Johnston pending trial is adequately supported by his substantial criminal record, a positive drug test, and the weight of evidence of a serious offense committed soon after Mr. Johnston’s release from custody. Mr. Hill’s motion for leave to withdraw as attorney [25] is entered and continued to be heard before Magistrate Judge Mason. The case is remanded to Magistrate Judge Mason.

ENTER:

Dated: August 21, 2017 _________________________________________ REBECCA R. PALLMEYER United States District Judge

(T:00:18) Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 36 Filed: 08/24/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:150

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION

USA

Plaintiff

v. Case No. 17 CR 517 Judge Michael T. Mason Andrew Johnston

Defendant

ORDER

Motion hearing held on 8/24/17. The Court has been informed that this case has been indicted. Accordingly, defendant’s motion for a preliminary examination hearing [11] is denied as moot. The Court makes no finding on defendant’s request to reduce the CJA appointment of counsel to stand by counsel [11]. Defendant’s petition to terminate CJA appointed counsel and proceed pro se or with stand by counsel, for dismissal of criminal complaint and preliminary examination hearing [17] is granted in part and denied in part. Defendant’s motion for pretrial release [18] is denied without prejudice. Attorney Anthony W. Hill’s motion to withdraw as appointed counsel [25] is granted.

(00:15)

Date: 8/24/2017 Michael T. Mason United States Magistrate Judge Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 37 Filed: 08/25/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:151

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

United States of America, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) No. 17 CR 517-1 ) Andrew Johnston, ) Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer ) ) Defendant. )

ORDER

Arraignment held on 8/25//2017. Defendant informed of his rights. Defendant waives his right to an attorney, but the court will appoint counsel through the Federal Defender Program to act as stand by counsel. Defendant enters plea of not guilty to Count 1. 16.1 conference to be held by or on 9/1/2017. Discovery materials to be provided to the defendant. Pretrial motions to be filed by or on 9/15/2017. Status 9/20/2017 at 9:30 AM. Defendant to remain in custody pending further proceedings. Excludable time to begin pursuant to 18:3161(h)(1)(D). (X-E)

ENTER:

Dated: August 25, 2017 _________________________________________ REBECCA R. PALLMEYER United States District Judge

(T:00:18) Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 66 Filed: 10/10/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:292

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE Northern District of Illinois − CM/ECF LIVE, Ver 6.1.1.2 Eastern Division

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Plaintiff, v. Case No.: 1:17−cr−00517 Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer Andrew Johnston Defendant.

NOTIFICATION OF DOCKET ENTRY

This docket entry was made by the Clerk on Tuesday, October 10, 2017:

MINUTE entry before the Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer: as to Andrew Johnston : Successive petition to dismiss the indictment [63] is denied without prejudice. The government is expected to prove, at trial, that at the time of the charged robbery, the bank's assets were insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Should the government fail to offer evidence sufficient for a jury finding on this issue, the court will dismiss the indictment. Mailed notice. (etv, )

ATTENTION: This notice is being sent pursuant to Rule 77(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or Rule 49(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. It was generated by CM/ECF, the automated docketing system used to maintain the civil and criminal dockets of this District. If a minute order or other document is enclosed, please refer to it for additional information. For scheduled events, motion practices, recent opinions and other information, visit our web site at www.ilnd.uscourts.gov. Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 102 Filed: 01/12/18 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:408

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE Northern District of Illinois − CM/ECF LIVE, Ver 6.2.1 Eastern Division

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Plaintiff, v. Case No.: 1:17−cr−00517 Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer Andrew Johnston Defendant.

NOTIFICATION OF DOCKET ENTRY

This docket entry was made by the Clerk on Friday, January 12, 2018:

MINUTE entry before the Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer: as to Andrew Johnston: Status hearing and motion hearing held on 1/12/2018. As the 911 caller's identification of Defendant's license plate is sufficient to establish probable cause, motion to quash arrest and suppress evidence [91] is denied. Defendant's motion to compel discovery or otherwise dismiss the indictment [101] is denied, as the government has produced or will produce all available discovery. Status hearing set for 1/26/2018 at 10:00 AM. In the interest of justice, and for continued discovery, order excludable time to start pursuant to 18:3161(h)(7)(A)(B). Mailed notice. (etv, )

ATTENTION: This notice is being sent pursuant to Rule 77(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or Rule 49(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. It was generated by CM/ECF, the automated docketing system used to maintain the civil and criminal dockets of this District. If a minute order or other document is enclosed, please refer to it for additional information. For scheduled events, motion practices, recent opinions and other information, visit our web site at www.ilnd.uscourts.gov. Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 12 of 35 PageID #:844

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ) ) v. ) No. 17 CR 517 ) ANDREW JOHNSTON ) Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer

ORDER

Defendant Johnston’s motions [196, 197, 198, 199] are denied for the reasons stated here, but the government is directed to furnish him promptly with a copy [128] of its response to his amended motion to quash. The August 9, 2018 date set for hearing on these motions is stricken.

STATEMENT

As more fully described in a May 17, 2018 order [153], Defendant Andrew Johnston was arrested on July 25, 2017, and has been charged with attempting to rob the Byline Bank in Harwood Heights, Illinois. Mr. Johnston is proceeding pro se and has filed four motions.

Motion to Amend Judgment

The first is a “motion to amend judgment and or reconsider.” No judgment has been entered in this case, but Mr. Johnston interprets comments the court made at a July 9, 2018 conference as a ruling on his request for a jury instruction on the requirements for conviction under the second paragraph of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), which Mr. Johnson believes he is entitled to because it is a “lesser included offense” to the first paragraph. At the scheduled instructions conference on August 2, however, the court concluded that the second paragraph of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) is not a “lesser included” offense to the first paragraph, and therefore sustained the government’s objection to the instruction without prejudice.

The court stands by that conclusion. One offense is not “necessarily included” in another unless the elements of the lesser offense are a subset of the elements of the charged offense. Schmuck v. United States, 489 U.S. 705, 716 (1989). Defendant Johnston has been charged with violating the first paragraph of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), which prohibits the act of taking or attempting to take property or money from a bank “by force and violence, or by intimidation.” In a second paragraph, § 2113(a) prohibits entering or attempting to enter a bank “with intent to commit” a felony or larceny. As the Seventh Circuit explained in United States v. Loniello, 610 F.3d 488, 491 (7th Cir. 2010): “Paragraph 1 [of § 2113(a)] requires proof of force or intimidation, while ¶ 2 does not. Paragraph 2 requires proof of an actual or attempted entry of a bank, while ¶ 1 does not.” Accordingly, after the defendants in Loniello were acquitted of violating paragraph 1 (because they did not use force or intimidation in attempting to rob a bank), the prosecutor did not violate the double-jeopardy clause by charging them with violating paragraph 2. 1

1 The court specifically pointed out that defendants had not argued that § 2113(a) ¶ 2 is a lesser included offense of § 2113(a) ¶ 1. Id. at 492. If the second paragraph of § 2113 were a lesser included offense of the first paragraph, then a second prosecution of these defendants would indeed have been a double-jeopardy violation. Id. at 491. (“If one statute creates a lesser included offense of another, then the double jeopardy clause limits to one the number of Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 13 of 35 PageID #:845

Defendant Johnston’s insistence that he is entitled to a lesser-included-offense instruction in this case makes little sense; a conviction for violating paragraph 2 carries a twenty-year sentence, the same penalty for violating paragraph 1. A defendant convicted of both offenses can be sentenced to no more than one twenty-year term, Prince v. United States, 352 U.S. 322 (1957), but they are different offenses. If, as Johnston believes, the government cannot prove that he engaged in “force and violence,” or “intimidation,” then the government will have failed to prove an essential element of the crime charged, and he will be entitled to acquittal. See United States v. Thornton, 539 F.3d 741 (7th Cir. 2008) (“the first paragraph of § 2113(a) requires actual intimidation for a conviction,” so the district court’s failure to instruct the jury that it must find intimidation requires that defendant’s conviction be vacated).

Johnston is not entitled to a lesser-included-offense instruction. This court’s ruling on the matter is not a “judgment,” nor is the court’s purported change of course on this issue a “manifest error of law.” The motion [196] is denied.

Motion for Evidentiary Hearing

Mr. Johnston’s second motion [197] seeks an evidentiary hearing on his motion to quash his arrest. Mr. Johnston believes that an audio recording related to his arrest was “revealed to be materially altered,” and that a video recording tendered by the government in March 2018 “revealed that the arresting officer did not in fact have a license plate number she was looking for when she illegally seized defendant on July 25, 2018 [sic].” As the court understands the record, the government was required to make some efforts to enhance the quality of the recording, but it was not “materially altered.” The arresting officer may not have repeated the license plate number dispatched to her, but this does not mean that she “did not have” such information when she apprehended Mr. Johnston. If the court is mistaken, or if there are disputes of fact about these matters warranting a hearing, either side is encouraged to point them out. The motion for an evidentiary hearing [197] is denied without prejudice. As Mr. Johnston reportedly did not receive a copy of the government’s response to his amended motion to quash, the government is directed to provide him promptly with a copy of that filing [128].

Motion for Sanctions

Mr. Johnston’s third motion [198] seeks sanctions against AUSA Tiffany Ardam. Mr. Johnston cites Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 in support of this motion, but this proceeding is governed by the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. In any event, Ms. Ardam’s statement that Mr. Johnston’s assertions are “baseless” and defeated by “cases and cases” is not sanctionable conduct on this record. Ms. Ardam has not argued that Prince v. United States, 352 U.S. 322 (1957) is not controlling law; she instead asserts that the holding in that case does not dictate that a “lesser included offense” instruction is appropriate in this one. Her arguments would not be sanctionable even if the court were to rule in favor of Mr. Johnston on the instruction issue—which it has not. The motion for sanctions [198] is denied.

Motion for Subpoena Power/Compulsory Process

Mr. Johnston’s fourth motion [199] is labelled a “Motion for Subpoena Power/Compulsory Process.” As best the court understands this motion, Mr. Johnston believes that “this Court is privately instructing and/or blocking standby counsel . . . from serving subpoenas duces tecum

permissible prosecutions.”)

2 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 14 of 35 PageID #:846

. . . .” Mr. Johnston offers no support for this assertion, and it truly is baseless. The court has no interest in interfering with any subpoenas. A subpoena functions as a court order, and the court expects that all court orders will be honored conscientiously and promptly. The motion [199] is denied. ENTER:

Dated: August 7, 2018 _________________________________________ REBECCA R. PALLMEYER United States District Judge

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