United States v. First National Bank
Opinion of the Court
This is an appeal from the district court’s
The Anthonys’ only claim of error is that the district court erred in not holding the enforcement hearing on the record with a reported transcript of the proceedings. Because of their constitutional objections to the summons, the Anthonys argue that a court reporter should have been present to provide a transcript of the proceedings.
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure apply in summons enforcement proceedings. Donaldson v. United States, 400 U.S. 517, 91 S.Ct. 534, 27 L.Ed.2d 580 (1970). While the Anthonys made a motion to dismiss under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12, it was effectively converted into a motion for summary judgment (Fed.R.Civ.P. 56) when the parties submitted affidavits.
There is no absolute requirement that a hearing be evidentiary.
Finally, the Anthonys’ constitutional challenges are without merit. An IRS summons issued in accordance with Powell does not violate the Fourth Amendment. United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435, 444, 96 S.Ct. 1619, 1624, 48 L.Ed.2d 71 (1976). Nor will enforcement of the summons compel the Anthonys to be witnesses against themselves. Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. 391, 397, 96 S.Ct. 1569, 1574, 48 L.Ed.2d 39 (1976). Lastly, the Anthonys argue that enforcement will interfere with their First Amendment right of association; this argument is also based on their membership in the National Commodity and Barter Association. However, the Anthonys presented no evidence that enforcement would burden their right to associate with other members, or that enforcement would have other specific adverse effects on protected rights. United States v. Norcutt, 680 F.2d 54, 56 (8th Cir. 1982); United States v. Freedom Church, 613 F.2d 316, 320 (3d Cir. 1979).
We affirm the enforcement of the summons.
. The Honorable Albert G. Schatz, United States District Judge for the District of Nebraska.
. “The trial court should have the authority to permit the introduction of extraneous matter, ... and if it does not exclude such matter the motion should then be treated as a motion for summary judgment.” Notes of Advisory Committee on 1946 Amendment to Rule 12(b).
. Generally, a taxpayer is entitled to a hearing prior to enforcement of an IRS summons. United States v. Powell, 379 U.S. 48, 58, 85 S.Ct. 248, 255, 13 L.Ed.2d 112 (1964). However, this right is not absolute. If the person summoned neither challenges allegations in the complaint nor raises proper affirmative defenses, no evidentiary hearing is required; the matter can be decided on the written record. E.g., United States v. Will, 671 F.2d 963, 968 (6th Cir. 1982); United States v. Kis, 658 F.2d 526, 539-40 (7th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1018, 102 S.Ct. 1712, 72 L.Ed.2d 135 (1982); United States v. Freedom Church, 613 F.2d 316, 321 (1st Cir. 1979); United States v. McCarthy, 514 F.2d 368, 373 (3d Cir. 1975); see United States v. Harris, 628 F.2d 875 (5th Cir. 1980).
. Rule 10(c) provides:
(c) Statement of the Evidence or Proceedings When no Report Was Made or When the Transcript is Unavailable. If no report of the evidence or proceedings at a hearing or trial was made, or if a transcript is unavailable, the appellant may prepare a statement of the evidence or proceedings from the best available means, including his recollection. The statement shall be served on the appellee, who may serve objections or propose amendments thereto within 10 days after service. Thereupon the statement and any objections or proposed amendments shall be submitted to the district court for settlement and approval and as settled and approved shall be included by the clerk of the district court in the record on appeal.
. The Anthonys do not argue that they presented or attempted to present new evidence at the hearing not otherwise in the record, and the clerk’s minutes of the hearing indicate that no evidence was offered by either side. Neither do they argue that a transcript would reveal holes in the IRS’s case. The government notes that at the hearing, Mr. Anthony merely restated the arguments made in his written motion to dismiss. Finally, there is no indication that the Anthonys requested a court reporter to
Reference
- Full Case Name
- UNITED STATES of America and James L. Morris, Revenue Agent of the Internal Revenue Service v. The FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF MITCHELL and Quentin C. Morse, as its Cashier, Eldon D. Anthony and Kathleen A. Anthony
- Cited By
- 4 cases
- Status
- Published