Timothy Muccilli appeals the district court’s 1 adverse grant of summary judgment in his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 lawsuit. Having conducted de novo review, we conclude that summary judgment was proper. See Lee v. Spellings, 447 F.3d 1087, 1088-89 (8th Cir. 2006) (grant of summary judgment may be affirmed on any basis supported by record); Lommen v. City of East Grand Forks, 97 F.3d 272, 274 (8th *751 Cir. 1996) (standard of review). Accordingly, we affirm.