Patrick Carlone appeals the district court’s 1 order imposing sanctions against him, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11, including dismissing his pro se civil action with prejudice and enjoining him from filing future lawsuits unless he both is represented by counsel and has obtained prior court approval. Upon careful review, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in imposing Rule 11 sanctions, as Carlone has an extensive history of filing frivolous and vexatious lawsuits and has threatened to continue doing so. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 11(c); Carman v. Treat, 7 F.3d 1379, 1381-82 (8th Cir. 1993). However, we modify the restrictions imposed by the district court to reflect that Carlone is enjoined from filing future lawsuits unless he either is represented by counsel or has obtained prior court approval. Subject to that modification, the judgment is affirmed. See 8th Cir. R. 47B.