Guatemalan citizen Bulmaro Amadeo Vasquez-Perez petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals upholding an immigration judge’s decision to deny asylum and withholding of removal based on past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution because of his membership in a particular social group. We have carefully considered the issues that are properly before us, 1 see De Castro-Gutierrez v. Holder, 713 F.3d 375, 379 (8th Cir. 2013) (standard of review), and we conclude, based on well-established precedent, that Vasquez-Perez failed to show that the social group in which he claims membership is a particular social group for purposes of asylum protection. See Ortiz-Puentes v. Holder, 662 F.3d 481, 483 (8th Cir. 2011). We deny the petition for review. See 8th Cir. R. 47B.