Kola, Inc. v. United States
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting:
I would affirm. To reward a failure to brief fully and to argue all legitimate issues as if the case could turn on each or all such issues is to encourage partial and repetitive appeals. I find no abuse of discretion on the part of the Forest Service. In brief, I stand by our initial, unamended opinion.
Opinion of the Court
ORDER
The opinion and dissent filed May 17, 1989, is withdrawn and the attached opinion and dissent is ordered filed.
The petition for rehearing with suggestion for rehearing en banc filed May 31, 1989 is now moot.
OPINION
KOLA, Inc., appeals from the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the the United States, the Secretary of Agriculture, and officials of the U.S. Forest Service. KOLA sued to overturn the Forest Service’s denial of its request for a special use permit for a broadcast transmitter. We reverse and remand.
I.
KOLA, an FM radio station broadcasting at 99.9 megahertz located in Riverside, California, applied in March 1985 for a special use permit to place a radio broadcast transmitter on Forest Service land on Keller Peak, located in San Bemadino National Forest.
In December 1986, KOLA filed suit against the federal government seeking declaratory and injunctive relief and damages. Following motions for summary judgment, the district court entered judgment against KOLA in March 1988. The district court concluded that because the Forest Service’s denial of the permit application was a matter committed to agency discretion it lacked subject matter jurisdiction to review that decision.
II.
We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment, including its application of the relevant substantive law, de novo. No GWEN Alliance of Lane County, Inc. v. Aldridge, 855 F.2d 1380, 1382 (9th Cir. 1988). We also review the question of jurisdiction to conduct judicial review de novo. Love v. Thomas, 858 F.2d 1347, 1352 n. 9 (9th Cir. 1988), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 109 S.Ct. 1932, 104 L.Ed.2d 403 (1989). We may affirm a correct result on an alternate basis. Golden Nugget, Inc. v. American Stock Exchange, Inc., 828 F.2d 586, 590 (9th Cir. 1987). Whether we will consider an alternate basis for a decision is a prudential matter dependent upon the adequacy of the record and the nature of the issues. Id.
III.
The Administrative Procedure Act grants standing to challenge an agency action to anyone adversely affected by such action, unless the statute under which the action was taken precludes judicial review or the action is committed to agency discretion by law. See 5 U.S.C. §§ 701(a), 702. In Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. 402, 91 S.Ct. 814, 28 L.Ed.2d 136 (1971), the Supreme Court cautioned that the exception for actions committed to agency discretion is “very narrow [and] applicable in those rare instances where ‘statutes are drawn in such broad terms that in a given case there is no law to apply.’ ” 401 U.S. at 410, 91 S.Ct. at 821, (quoting S.Rep. No. 752, 99th Cong., 1st Sess. 26 (1945)) (leg. history of APA). A strong presumption exists that the actions of federal agencies are reviewable in federal court. Love, 858 F.2d at 1356; cf. Webster v. Doe, 486 U.S. 592, 108 S.Ct. 2047, 2052-53, 100 L.Ed.2d 632 (1988) (finding CIA personnel decision not subject to review).
KOLA alleges that the decision of the Forest Service was arbitrary, capricious, and an abuse of discretion because the Federal Communications Commission has exclusive authority to resolve potential broadcast interference problems. The district court did not evaluate that claim in granting summary judgment on reviewability grounds. The district court decision relied upon Ness Inv. Corp. v. Dept. of Agriculture, 512 F.2d 706 (9th Cir. 1975), which considered a Forest Service revocation of a special use permit for a resort. The Ness court held that the denial of a special use permit was not judicially reviewable because the statute — 16 U.S.C. § 497 — providing the Secretary of Agriculture with power to decide who is qualified to receive a special use permit is “drawn in such broad terms that there is no law to apply.” 512 F.2d at 715-16.
The Forest Service’s adoption of regulations in 1980 setting forth standards for the consideration of special use permits undercuts the Ness court’s conclusion that special use permit decisions are not review
The regulations that provided the basis for judicial review in Methow also apply here. The Forest Service argues that Me-thow ’s holding that the regulations provide a basis for judicial review is not applicable to this case because Methow concerned a grant, not a denial, of a permit. We disagree. The regulations provide standards for denying as well as granting permits. See 36 C.F.R. § 251.54(h). The Forest Service’s discretion is not unbounded. The district court should have reviewed the Forest Service denial to determine that it was not arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion.
The record would appear to support a finding that the Forest Service did not abuse its discretion, because it considered the proper factors in reaching its decision to reject the permit. Cf. Methow, 833 F.2d at 814. However, because the parties have not fully briefed or argued this issue, we remand the case to the district court for further proceedings. Cf. Golden Nugget, 828 F.2d at 590.
Each party shall bear its own costs.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
. Special use permits tire based on the Secretary of Agriculture’s general authority to protect the national forests contained in 16 U.S.C. § 551. Specific authority "to permit the use and occupancy of suitable areas of land within the national forest ... for the purpose of constructing or maintaining buildings, structures, and facilities for industrial or commercial purposes whenever such use is related to or consistent with other uses on the national forests” is pro
Reference
- Full Case Name
- KOLA, INC. v. UNITED STATES of America Clayton K. Yeutter, Secretary of Agriculture F. Dale Robertson, Chief, U.S. Forest Service Zane G. Smith, Jr., Regional Forester Richard L. Stauber, Forest Supervisor Hal Seyden, District Ranger
- Cited By
- 12 cases
- Status
- Published