United States v. Kubbo
United States v. Kubbo
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
Alex Kubbo (“Kubbo”) entered a conditional guilty plea to possession of a controlled substance (methamphetamine), in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 844, before a magistrate judge. He appeals from the district court’s order affirming the magistrate judge’s denial of his motion to suppress evidence. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
A motion to suppress will generally be reviewed de novo. United States v. Wright, 215 F.3d 1020, 1025 (9th Cir. 2000). A trial court’s findings as to whether the scope of consent to a search has been exceeded will be upheld unless they are clearly erroneous. United States v. Perez, 37 F.3d 510, 515 (9th Cir. 1994). Review of whether specific facts give rise to an inference of implied consent (and presumably to withdrawal thereof as well) is de novo. United States v. Albrektsen, 151 F.3d 951, 953 (9th Cir. 1998).
The parties are familiar with the facts; thus, we need not recite them here. Kubbo contends that evidence uncovered during the search of his car should have been suppressed because his actions during the search constituted a limitation of his initial general consent. Specifically, he suggests that by removing the carpet out of the back of his vehicle and folding it over in a manner that indicated to the officers that he was trying to hide something, he impliedly narrowed the scope of his consent to the search of his car so as to exclude the carpet. “The standard for
We also do not find Kubbo’s argument persuasive that his specific actions should, as a matter of law, require an inference of an implied withdrawal or limitation of his consent because the officers understood that he was trying to hide something. Even if a limitation or withdrawal of consent need not be explicit, Kubbo’s conduct “falls far short of an unequivocal act or statement of withdrawal, something found in most withdrawal of consent cases.” United States v. Alfaro, 935 F.2d 64, 67 (5th Cir. 1991) (comparing, inter alia, United States v. Miner, 484 F.2d 1075 (9th Cir. 1973), with United States v. Brown, 884 F.2d 1309 (9th Cir. 1989)). Mere reluctance to a continued search, once an explicit and unambiguous statement of consent has been provided, is not necessarily sufficient to imply a withdrawal such consent. See Brown, 884 F.2d at 1311-12.
Accordingly, the denial of the motion to suppress and the conviction are AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Cir. R. 36-3.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- United States v. Alex J. KUBBO
- Cited By
- 6 cases
- Status
- Published