Phung v. Lindsey
Phung v. Lindsey
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
Petitioner-Appellant Doi Phung was convicted of murder, street terrorism, possession of stolen property, and carrying a loaded firearm for his role in killing a fifteen-year-old innocent bystander during gang warfare. He appeals the district court’s denial of his petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus.
Because Phung filed his petition after the effective date of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Phung must show that the state court’s decision on the merits “resulted in a decision that was contrary to or involved an unreasonable application of clearly established [fjederal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States.”
Phung first claims that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel (1) stipulated to the admission into evidence of transcripts of police interviews with two other gang members and (2) decided not to call several witnesses to testify. To prevail on his ineffective assistance claim, Strickland v. Washington requires Phung to show that his attorney’s conduct fell below a standard of objective reasonableness and thus prejudiced the petitioner.
We reject Phung’s claim that his trial counsel, Mark Naughton, was ineffective for stipulating to the admission of the tapes. Naughton was faced with the task of proving self-defense without Phung’s testimony.
Phung’s next attack on Naughton also fails. Phung claims that Naughton provided ineffective assistance by fading to seek admission of transcripts of the police interview of another gang member, Loi Van Nguyen, and by failing to call three additional eyewitnesses to testify. The trial court found that Naughton’s decision not to seek admission of Loi Van Nguyen’s statements amounted to effective assistance, and we do not find this to be clear error. As to the testimony from the three other eyewitnesses, while a lawyer has a “duty to make reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes particular investigations unnecessary,”
Phung’s second habeas claim is that the prosecutor committed misconduct by arguing, at Phung’s trial, that Phung was the aggressor, and then arguing, at the trial of Phung’s rivals, that Phung had been ambushed. Prosecutors have a duty to ensure fundamentally fair trials by, among other things, resisting the temptation to knowingly use false evidence against a defendant in a proceeding.
We addressed this exact issue on these exact facts in Nguyen v. Lindsey, Loi Van Nguyen’s appeal from his conviction for murder due to his role in the same gun battle for which Phung was convicted.
The petition for a writ of habeas corpus is DENIED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. Shackleford v. Hubbard, 234 F.3d 1072, 1077 (9th Cir. 2000) (citing 22 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)).
. Van Tran v. Lindsey, 212 F.3d 1143, 1153— 54 (9th Cir. 2000) (discussing Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 120 S.Ct. 1495, 146 L.Ed.2d 389 (2000)).
. 466 U.S. 668, 687-688, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984).
. Id. at 689.
. As Phung had lied to Naughton and told him several different versions of what happened, Naughton reasonably did not advise Phung to testify.
. Naughton did not believe that who fired first was important to his theory.
. Sanders v. Ratelle, 21 F.3d 1446, 1456 (9th Cir. 1994) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691) (finding ineffective assistance of counsel in murder case where counsel failed to interview or call as a witness defendant's brother, who confessed on several occasions, that he, not defendant, was the murderer).
. Id.
. While Phung raised this issue in his state habeas petition, the state court denied his petition without addressing it. We therefore look to the district court's denial of Phung's habeas petition and review these factual findings for clear error.
. See Mooney v. Holohan, 294 U.S. 103, 112-13, 55 S.Ct. 340, 79 L.Ed. 791 (1935).
. Nguyen v. Lindsey, 232 F.3d 1236 (9th Cir. 2000)
. Thompson v. Calderon, 120 F.3d 1045, 1059 (9th Cir. 1997), rev’d on other grounds, 523 U.S. 538, 118 S.Ct. 1489, 140 L.Ed.2d 728 (1998) (quoting Haynes v. Cupp, 827 F.2d 435, 439 (9th Cir. 1987)).
. Id.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.