Haberbush v. Clark Oil Trading Co.
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
David R. Haberbush, trustee in bankruptcy for Sahuaro Petroleum & Asphalt Company, appeals the district court’s dismissal of his action against Clark Oil Trading Company (COTC) and Paribas Corporation. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). We affirm.
While the parties use a flood of ink on a congeries of issues, the answer to one of those issues effectively disposes of them all. To make a long story short: Sahuaro, the wholly owned subsidiary of Edgington Oil Co., issued guaranties of Edgington’s debts to COTC, subject to certain limitations involving Sahuaro’s benefit from the loans and Sahuaro’s net worth.
Haberbush claims that COTC breached its contract with Sahuaro.
Haberbush does point to the fact that the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing applies to these contracts. See Countrywide Servs. Corp. v. SIA Ins. Co., Ltd., 235 F.Sd 890, 893 (8th Cir. 2000) (Missouri law); Filner v. Shapiro, 633 F.2d 139, 143 (2d Cir. 1980) (New York law). But that avails him nothing because the complaint does not allege bad faith (indeed, Haberbush conceded that he could not plead bad faith), and, at any rate, all COTC did was allocate the payments in precisely the manner that Sahuaro agreed it could. The implied covenant cannot be used to obliterate the express terms of a contract. See Third Story Music, Inc. v. Waits, 41 Cal.App.4th 798, 804, 808, 48 Cal.Rptr.2d 747, 750, 753 (1995) (a California case upon which both parties ask us to rely). There could not have been a breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
The same follows as to the various common counts, each of which must draw sustenance from the notion that it would be inequitable for COTC to retain the amounts it obtained due to the payment promises. See Dickey v. Royal Banks of Mo., 111 F.3d 580, 583 (8th Cir. 1997) (Missouri law); Morgan Guar. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. Am. Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 804 F.2d 1487, 1492 (9th Cir. 1986) (New York law); New Paradigm Software Corp. v. New Era of Networks, Inc., 107 F.Supp.2d 325, 328-29 (S.D.N.Y. 2000); United States ex rel. O’Keefe v. McDonnell Douglas Corp., 918 F.Supp. 1338, 1344 (E.D.Mo. 1996); Karpierz v. Easley, 68 S.W.3d 565, 570 (Mo. App. W.D. 2002); Mfrs. Hanover Trust Co. v. Chem. Bank, 160 A.D.2d 113, 117, 559 N.Y.S.2d 704, 707-08 (1990). The difficulty that inheres in Haberbush’s other claims affects these claims also. In order to show inequity, Haberbush would have to point to some unfairness in the application of the payments by COTC. But that would require that Haberbush show that application of the funds was somehow limited by the guaranty promises. He cannot use that contrafactual premise to recover on common counts where the payments themselves were pursuant to a contact entered into and performed in good faith according to its own terms. See Freedman v. Freedman, 116 F.Supp.2d 379, 381-82 (E.D.N.Y. 2000); New Paradigm, 107 F.Supp.2d at 329; Krupnick & Assocs., Inc. v. Hellmich, 378 S.W.2d 562, 569-70 (Mo. 1964); Justus v. Webb, 634 S.W.2d 567, 570 (Mo.Ct.App. 1982); W. End Interiors, Ltd. v. Aim Const. & Contracting Corp., 286 A.D.2d 250, 252, 729 N.Y.S.2d 112, 115 (2001).
AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. What we say about COTC applies equally to Paribas.
. The trustee first tried to propound turnover claims, but that effort was untimely and failed. See Haberbush v. Clark Oil & Trading Co. (In re Sahuaro Petroleum & Asphalt Co.), 89 F.3d 846, 1996 WL 218180 (9th Cir.) (unpublished disposition), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 992, 117 S.Ct. 481, 136 L.Ed.2d 376 (1996).
. In accord with the choice of law provisions in the agreements, we must apply Missouri law to the claims against COTC and New York law to the claims against Paribas.
. Haberbush asserts that the district court should have allowed him to amend again. However, he had many opportunities to amend during the seven years since this action was filed, and based on the plain facts already pled, amendment would have been futile. The district court did not abuse its discretion. See W. Shoshone Nat'l Council v. Molini, 951 F.2d 200, 204 (9th Cir. 1991); Allen v. City of Beverly Hills, 911 F.2d 367, 373-74 (9th Cir. 1990). In addition, COTC should not have to continue to bear the brunt of Haberbush’s flailing about in his attempt to, as the district court indicated, fit square fact pegs into round legal holes. See Janicki Logging Co. v. Mateer, 42 F.3d 561, 566 (9th Cir. 1994).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- In re: SAHUARO PETROLEUM & ASPHALT COMPANY, Debtor, David R. Haberbush, Chap 7 Trustee v. Clark Oil Trading Company, a Missouri general partnership NIC, Inc., a Missouri Corporation GIC, Inc., a Missouri corporation, Appellees In re: Sahuaro Petroleum & Asphalt Company, Debtor, David R. Haberbush, Chap 7 Trustee v. Paribas, a French corporation, f/k/a Banque Paribas
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- Published