United States v. Pedroza-Ballina
United States v. Pedroza-Ballina
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
Pedro Pedroza-Ballina (“Pedroza”) appeals his conviction and sentence for being a deported alien “found in” the United States, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. We have jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a), and we affirm the conviction, vacate the sentence, and remand for resentencing.
The district court did not err by declining to suppress Pedroza’s inculpatory statements as involuntary based upon his claim that the waiver of his Miranda rights was invalid. Under the “totality of the circumstances,” Pedroza’s Miranda waiver was “voluntary, knowing, and intelligent.” See United States v. Garibay, 143 F.3d 534, 536 (9th Cir. 1998). He was ad
We also reject Pedroza’s contention that the district court violated Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), when it relied on his prior Illinois conviction for an aggravated case of driving under the influence (“aggravated DUI conviction”) in determining his sentence because that conviction was neither alleged in the indictment, admitted to by the defendant, nor proven at trial beyond a reasonable doubt. This argument is foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), and United States v. Arellano-Rivera, 244 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2001).
We conclude, however, that the district court erred in holding that Pedroza’s aggravated DUI conviction, as a third-time offense, was a “crime of violence” under 18 U.S.C. § 16 that constituted an “aggravated felony conviction” under 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43), thus warranting a 16-level enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2 (2000). In United States v. Trinidad-Aquino, 259 F.3d 1140, 1146 (9th Cir. 2001), we held that a conviction for a DUI “with injury to another” does not constitute a “crime of violence” and cannot therefore qualify as an aggravated felony conviction for sentencing enhancement purposes. We extended this holding in Montiel-Barraza v. INS, 275 F.3d 1178, 1180 (9th Cir. 2002), to apply “with equal force to recidivists,” like Pedroza, who were convicted under enhancement statutes that increased the penalties for DUI offenders with multiple prior convictions. Accordingly, Pedroza’s aggravated DUI conviction does not constitute a crime of violence, and is not an aggravated felony warranting a 16-level sentencing enhancement. Pedroza’s sentence must therefore be vacated and remanded for resentencing.
Finally, we lack jurisdiction to review the district court’s discretionary decision not to depart downward for Pedroza’s agreement to deportation and fast-track sentencing. The district court clearly recognized its authority to grant such a departure and properly considered the facts and circumstances of the case. See United States v. Lipman, 133 F.3d 726, 731-32 (9th Cir. 1998).
The conviction is AFFIRMED, and the sentence is VACATED and REMANDED for resentencing.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit, except as may be provided by Ninth Cir. R. 36-3.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.