United States v. Gonzalez
United States v. Gonzalez
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm.
A. Constitutionality of 21 U.S.C. § 960
Gonzalez claims that 21 U.S.C. § 960 is unconstitutional because it permits a judge to increase the maximum penalties for drug violations without requiring that the factors which cause such increases, drug type and quantity, be alleged in the indictment and determined beyond a reasonable doubt by a jury as required under Apprendi v. New Jersey.
B. Constitutionality of Waiver in Proposed Plea Agreement
The proposed plea agreement required Gonzalez to waive his rights to impeachment and affirmative defense information that the Government would be required to provide if the case proceeded to trial. Gonzalez argues that the plea agreement was unconstitutional because of this waiver. The Supreme Court recently decided that the Constitution does not require the
AFFIRMED.
. This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as may be provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. See 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000).
. 286 F.3d 1104, 1107 (9th Cir. 2002).
. United. States v. Ruiz, No. 01-595, slip op. at 9 (U.S. June 24, 2002).
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.