Dean v. Parker
Dean v. Parker
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
The district court dismissed this § 1983 suit, holding it barred by the doctrine of issue preclusion. Because we agree that collateral estoppel bars the suit, we affirm the dismissal. We do not reach the district court’s alternative holding that it was required to abstain from exercising jurisdiction under Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 91 S.Ct. 746, 27 L.Ed.2d 669 (1971). As the facts are known to the parties, we discuss them here only as necessary to explain our decision.
On August 5, 2000, Dean filed a complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, seeking compensatory and punitive damages, costs, and injunctive relief. The complaint alleges that at the time the court ordered him to attend sex offender treatment, the court did not impose, or indicate that Dean would be subject to, the condition that he not have contact with his children. He argues that the conditions, as imposed by his probation officer and the treatment program, violated his fundamental right to live with his family without due process of law.
Two days after filing his § 1983 complaint, on August 7, 2000, Dean moved in Oregon state court to modify his probation and remove the condition that he undergo sex offender treatment. In support of his motion, Dean made the same argument that he alleged in his § 1983 complaint: the sex offender treatment program violated his basic civil right to live with his family without due process of law. On September 1, 2000, in a “letter opinion,” the state corut both denied the motion to modify Dean’s probation and granted the state’s motion to revoke probation. In addressing Dean’s constitutional claim, the state court wrote:
Defendant complains that the prohibition upon contacting his children interferes with a fundamental liberty interest and that due process of law is required before that right is taken away from him. He further asserts that the condition cannot be imposed by the treatment provider alone. Although it is true that a probation officer (and presumably a treatment provider) cannot impose a condition that has not been imposed by the court, State v. Maag, [41 Or.App.*744 133, 597 P.2d 838 (1979) ], a probation officer and treatment providers can impose conditions incidental to a condition of probation ordered by the court.... The court need not specifically order that a probationer comply with [nor] order the multitude of other terms and conditions that may be incidental to a specific treatment.
Dean appealed the state court’s order.
Meanwhile, defendants Parker and Kla-math County moved for summary judgment in Dean’s § 1983 suit.
We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. The court’s decision to apply issue preclusion to Dean’s § 1983 suit is also reviewed de novo. See Miller v. County of Santa Cruz, 39 F.3d 1030, 1032 (9th Cir. 1994).
Issue preclusion applies to suits brought under § 1983. See Allen v. McCurry, 449 U.S. 90, 100-01, 101 S.Ct. 411, 66 L.Ed.2d 308 (1980). “Under the doctrine of issue preclusion, a valid and final determination in one proceeding of a necessary factual or legal issue ... may not be relitigated in a subsequent proceeding involving a party to the prior action.” Dodd v. Hood River County, 136 F.3d 1219, 1224 (9th Cir. 1998).
Federal courts must give state court judgments the same preclusive effect as the judgment would have in that state. See id . at 1225; see also Full Faith and Credit Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1738; McCurry, 449 U.S. at 96, 101 S.Ct. 411. Oregon provides basic rules of preclusion by statute. See Oregon Revised Statutes (“ORS”) 43.130(2); see also ORS 43.160. Oregon case law provides that issue preclusion applies if: (1) the issue in the two proceedings is identical; (2) the issue was actually litigated and was essential to a final decision on the merits in the prior proceeding; (3) the party sought to be precluded has had a full and fair opportunity to be heard on that issue; (4) the party sought to be precluded was a party or was in privity with a party to the prior proceeding; and (5) the prior proceeding was the type of proceeding to which a court will give preclusive effect. Durham v. City of Portland, 181 Or.App. 409, 45 P.3d 998, 1007 (Or.App. 2002) (citing Nelson v. Emerald People’s Utility Dist., 318 Or. 99, 862 P.2d 1293 (Or. 1993)); see also Dodd, 136 F.3d at 1225. We consider each of these factors in turn.
First, the issue Dean presented to the state court is identical to the issue he presents to us. Although Dean argues that the state court did not determine whether his constitutional liberty interest in being with his family was infringed, he does not argue that he did not present the issue to both the state court and the federal court.
Second, the issue was actually litigated and was essential to the final decision on the merits in the state court proceeding. See Heller v. Ebb Auto Co., 308 Or. 1, 774 P.2d 1089, 1092 (Or. 1989) (“To preclude later relitigation of an issue, the issue must
Third, Dean has had a full and fair opportunity to be heard. A party receives a full and fair opportunity to be heard “ ‘if the parties had both a full opportunity and the incentive to contest the point at issue on a record that also was subject to judicial review.’ ” Dodd, 136 F.3d at 1226 (quoting Chavez v. Boise Cascade Corp., 307 Or. 632, 772 P.2d 409, 411 (Or. 1989). Dean was afforded a full opportunity to put forth his arguments in support of his constitutional claim in his motion to modify the conditions of his probation.
The fourth requirement is obviously satisfied; Dean is the party sought to be precluded and was a party in the state court litigation.
Finally, the parties agree that the order denying Dean’s motion to modify his probation was a final, appealable order. See State Farm Fire and Cas. Co. v. Sallak, 140 Or.App. 89, 914 P.2d 697, 700 (Or.App. 1996) (“A proceeding that concludes in a judicial judgment unquestionably satisfies the final requirement of issue preclusion.”). The decision has since been appealed to and upheld by the Oregon Court of Appeals. Review was denied by the Oregon Supreme Court. Thus, the prior proceeding is the “type of proceeding” to which we give preclusive effect. Durham, 45 P.3d at 1007.
AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as may be provided, by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. Although the defendants pled multiple immunity defenses (judicial immunity, prosecu-torial immunity, and Eleventh Amendment immunity as agents of the state in enforcing Dean's probation), they did not move for summary judgment on the basis of immunity. Because they do not argue any immunity defenses to us, we do not consider whether any type of immunity applies.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.