dissenting.

I respectfully dissent. The record indicates an issue of material fact regarding causation. There was evidence that both assailants mentioned the alleged “snitch” rumor, that Clarke had never been assaulted before the rumor and was assaulted twice subsequent to it, and that the ostensible causes of the fights were pretexts for inmates who did not want to share a cell with a “snitch.” At least as to the second assault, the injuries were more serious than de minimis. I would reverse.

MEMORANDUM**

The district court properly granted Appellee Virginia Haworth’s (“Haworth”) motion for summary judgment. Appellant Timothy Clarke (“Clarke”) admitted that Haworth’s alleged comment that Clarke was an informant was not the actual cause of the assaults against him. Since Clarke failed to raise a genuine issue of material fact that Haworth’s alleged deliberate indifference was the actual and proximate cause of his injuries, summary judgment was appropriate. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988).

AFFIRMED.