United States v. Ward
United States v. Ward
Opinion of the Court
Dale Walter Ward raises a number of issues on appeal from the fourteen counts of his methamphetamine conspiracy conviction. We reject each of his claims and affirm the conviction.
Ward’s argument that the entire sentencing scheme of United States Code Title 21 is unconstitutional is foreclosed by our decision in United States v. Buckland, 289 F.3d 558 (9th Cir. 2002) (en banc). See United States v. Mendoza-Paz, 286 F.3d 1104, 1110 (9th Cir. 2002) (applying the rationale of Buckland to reject appellant’s facial constitutional challenge to 21 U.S.C. § 960); United States v. Varela-Rivera, 279 F.3d 1174, 1175 n. 1 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding that challenge to constitutionality of Section 952 is precluded based on Buck-land decision).
Ward makes an Eighth Amendment claim relying on this court’s decision in Andrade v. Attorney Gen. of Cal., 270 F.3d 743 (9th Cir. 2001) (concluding that defendant’s life sentence for petty theft was grossly disproportionate to his crime and the Three Strikes law violated the Eighth Amendment). The Andrade case is currently under review by the United States Supreme Court. Even if the decision is affirmed, Ward’s situation is distinguishable from that case. Unlike in Andrade, Ward’s conduct has not decreased in seriousness, and he did not commit a “wobbler” offense, which can be punished as either a misdemeanor or a felony. Id. at 749 (prosecutors have discretion to charge petty theft with a prior as either a misdemeanor or a felony).
Ward waived his objection based on duplicitous counts by failing to raise it prior to trial. Ward contends that he raised it in a motion to dismiss, but the trial record reveals that the referenced motion does not mention duplicity. An objection that a count is duplicitous must be made prior to trial or it is waived. Mitchell v. United States, 434 F.2d 230, 231 (9th Cir. 1970).
The district court did not err in rejecting Ward’s objection to the indictment on grounds of multiplicity in a pretrial motion to dismiss. The court properly determined that each of the counts charged “have their own different elements and each count relied on its own set of predicate facts.” Multiplicity exists only if a single offense is charged in several counts. United States v. Castaneda, 9 F.3d 761, 765 (9th Cir. 1993). Ward does not show that any single offense was charged in multiple counts.
Ward’s argument that the co-eonspirators’ testimony is not enough to support his conviction because each witness gained advantage with the government through testifying is misplaced. Claims of insufficiency require review that takes the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, United States v. Bishop, 959 F.2d 820, 829 (9th Cir. 1992), and the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice is sufficient to sustain a conviction unless it is incredible or insubstantial on its face, United States v. Lai, 944 F.2d 1434, 1440 (9th Cir. 1991).
Ward also challenges the admission of fingerprint evidence against him.
Ward does not make a sufficient showing that there was any prosecutorial misconduct, let alone that it affected the jury’s verdict. See United States v. Cooper, 173 F.3d 1192, 1203 (9th Cir. 1999) (requiring a showing that it is more probable than not that prosecutorial misconduct materially affected the verdict).
Finally, Ward cannot show that the district court erred in its sentencing decisions. Ward does not demonstrate that the court erred as a matter of law in not departing downward, and he points to no factual errors. Additionally, contrary to Ward’s contentions, the Pedrioli court affirmed that district courts retain discretion under 18 U.S.C. § 3584(a) to sentence either concurrently or consecutively despite the guidelines. United States v. Pedrioli, 931 F.2d 31, 32 (9th Cir. 1991).
AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. We reject Ward’s destruction of evidence claim. As the district court determined, Ward is "mistaken in [his] characterization that this is a destruction of evidence case.” The court specifically found that law enforcement authorities did not act in bad faith; they
Reference
- Full Case Name
- UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff—Appellee v. Dale Walter WARD, Defendant—Appellant
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published