Dimcheff v. Bay Valley Pizza Inc.
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
Ivan Dimcheff appeals the district court’s dismissal of his first amended complaint without leave to amend. The district court held that DimchefPs claims were barred by the applicable statutes of limitations and that Dimcheff was not entitled to equitable tolling under Bollinger v. Nat’l Fire Ins. Co., 25 Cal.2d 399, 154 P.2d 399 (1944), or the general doctrine of equitable tolling.
Dimcheff argues that the district court erred because his complaint pleads facts sufficient to support equitable tolling under Bollinger. We disagree.
Technically, Bollinger does not concern equitable tolling, but, rather, an equitable application of California’s saving statute, found at California Code of Civil Procedure section 355. In Bollinger, the defendant brought a motion for nonsuit which was erroneously granted. By this time, the limitations period had already expired due to numerous continuances and extensions of time obtained by the defendant. The plaintiff attempted to refile his claims in a second action, but the court dismissed the action on timeliness grounds.
The California Supreme Court held that equitable considerations justified relieving the plaintiff from the statute of limitations. The court relied on California’s saving statute, which provides: “If an action is commenced within the time prescribed therefor, and a judgment therein for the plaintiff be reversed on appeal other than on the merits, a new action may be commenced within one year after the reversal.” Cal.Civ.Proc.Code, section 355. Even though section 335, by its terms, applies only in the event of reversals on appeal, the Bollinger court explained that the “basic policy” underlying section 355 called for relief in the ease before it.
In subsequent cases, the California Supreme Court has limited Bollinger to its facts. In Wood v. Filing Corp., 20 Cal.3d 353,142 Cal.Rptr. 696, 572 P.2d 755 (1977), the California Supreme Court explained the concurrence of the following three factors present in Bollinger “is essential to an application of the rule stated therein”: (1) the trial court erroneously granted the initial nonsuit; (2) dilatory tactics on the part of the defendant “prevented disposition of the first action in time to permit a second filing within the [limitations period]”; and (3) the plaintiff had at all times
It is clear from Dimcheffs complaint and its attachments that the second factor is not present in this case. Even assuming that Bay Valley Pizza engaged in dilatory tactics by representing to the Northern District of California that Dimeheff was required to refile his claims in Michigan, Bay Valley’s actions did not prevent disposition of California II in time for Dimeheff to file the present action within the applicable statute of limitations.
A four-year statute of limitations applies to Dimcheffs claims for breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Cal.Civ.Proc.Code § (l).
We note that California’s general doctrine of equitable tolling is inapplicable in the circumstances of this case. The general doctrine of equitable tolling suspends the running of a statute of limitations when a plaintiff, possessing several legal remedies, reasonably and in good faith pursues one designed to lessen the extent of his injuries or damages. Addison v. State, 21 Cal.3d 313, 317, 146 Cal.Rptr. 224, 578 P.2d 941 (1978). In contrast, Bollinger applies when a plaintiff refiles the same claims and seeks equitable relief from the statute of limitations. Bollinger applies here, and Dimeheff failed to satisfy its requirements.
AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. A two-year statute of limitations applies to Dimcheff’s claim for intentional interference with economic relationship. Muphy v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co., 177 Cal. App.2d 539, 2 Cal.Rptr. 325 (1960). At oral argument, counsel for Dimeheff acknowledged that this appeal concerns equitable tolling of the four-year statute of limitations.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Ivan DIMCHEFF v. BAY VALLEY PIZZA INC., Michigan corporation
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published