FOR PUBLICATION UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,  No. 03-35873 Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. Nos. v.  CV-02-00153-a-JMF CR-98-00133-A- SUSANA CRUZ, Defendant-Appellant. JKS  OPINION Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Alaska James K. Singleton, Chief Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted July 13, 2005—Anchorage, Alaska Filed September 16, 2005 Before: Alfred T. Goodwin, Melvin Brunetti, and William A. Fletcher, Circuit Judges.

Per Curiam Opinion

13353 13354 UNITED STATES v. CRUZ

COUNSEL Meredith A. Ahearn, Hagans, Ahearn & Webb, Anchorage, Alaska, for the defendant-appellant.

Richard L. Pomery, Assistant United States Attorney, Anchorage, Alaska, for the plaintiff-appellee.

UNITED STATES v. CRUZ 13355 OPINION PER CURIAM: This appeal requires us to decide whether United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005), applies retroactively to cases on collateral review. We hold that Booker does not apply retroactively to convictions that became final prior to its pub- lication.

I. BACKGROUND Susana Cruz was convicted in June 1999 in the District of Alaska of one count of conspiracy to commit offenses relating to cocaine distribution and possession; three counts of posses- sion with intent to distribute cocaine; three counts of main- taining a place for cocaine distribution and possession; two counts of making premises available for the storage and distri- bution of cocaine; and one count of interstate travel to pro- mote cocaine trafficking. On January 21, 2000, Cruz was sentenced to 168 months in prison. This court affirmed Cruz’ conviction and sentence on May 7, 2001. See United States v. Marin, 8 F. App’x 815 (9th Cir. 2001) (unpublished disposi- tion).

Cruz brought a petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 on July 3, 2002, collaterally attacking her sentence. The district court denied her petition and she appealed. While her appeal was pending before this court, the Supreme Court decided Booker, and on January 14, 2005, we issued an order permit- ting Cruz and the United States to file supplemental briefing on the application of Booker to this case. Because the appel- lant has made a “substantial showing of the denial of a consti- tutional right,” we now expand the certificate of appealability (“COA”) to allow us to consider the Booker issue. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2); see also Silva v. Woodford, 279 F.3d 825, 832- (9th Cir. 2002).

13356 UNITED STATES v. CRUZ II. DISCUSSION [1] The district court relied upon facts not found by the jury to increase the maximum sentence applicable to Cruz under the then-mandatory Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Cruz’ 168-month sentence was based in part upon the district court’s finding that she was responsible for possession or con- spiracy to transport a total of 60 kilograms of cocaine, a fact not found by the jury. Booker made available a “Sixth Amendment objection — that the defendant’s sentence was enhanced by judge-found facts under a mandatory Guidelines system.” United States v. Ameline, 409 F.3d 1073, 1084 (9th Cir. 2005).

[2] Under the framework originated in Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288, 310 (1989), a new rule of constitutional law gener- ally does not apply to convictions that have become final, unless it falls under certain exceptions. Cruz’ conviction became final on May 7, 2001, well before Booker was pub- lished. In order to have retroactive effect, new rules either must be substantive or, if procedural, they must be “watershed rules of criminal procedure implicating the fundamental fair- ness and accuracy of the criminal proceeding.” Schriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S. 348, 124 S. Ct. 2519, 2523 (2004) (internal quotations omitted). We now join every other circuit that has considered the question in holding that the rule announced by Booker does not meet any of the Teague excep- tions, and thus does not operate retroactively. See United States v. Bellamy, 411 F.3d 1182 (10th Cir. 2005); Lloyd v. United States, 407 F.3d 608 (3rd Cir. 2005); Guzman v. United States, 404 F.3d 139 (2nd Cir. 2005); Humphress v. United States, 398 F.3d 855 (6th Cir. 2005); Varela v. United States, 400 F.3d 864 (11th Cir. 2005); McReynolds v. United States, 397 F.3d 479 (7th Cir. 2005).

Given the dissenting opinions in Booker and the previous cases, it is apparent that the rule was not in fact “apparent to all reasonable jurists,” and thus, under the Supreme Court’s UNITED STATES v. CRUZ 13357 definition, it was in fact a “new rule.” See, e.g., Beard v. Banks, 542 U.S. 406, 124 S.Ct. 2504, 2511 (2004). Nor is Booker’s holding a new substantive rule, as opposed to a new procedural rule. In holding that Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002), does not operate retroactively, the Court clarified that “[r]ules that allocate decisionmaking authority in this fashion are prototypical procedural rules.” Schriro, 124 S. Ct. at 2523.

We recently applied Schriro to decide that Blakely v. Wash- ington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), did not announce a new substan- tive rule. Schardt v. Payne, 414 F.3d 1025, 1036 (9th Cir. 2005). That rationale applies just as clearly to the Court’s application of the Blakely rule to the federal Guidelines.

Because Booker announced a new procedural rule, it may operate retroactively only if it is a watershed rule of criminal procedure. Schriro, 124 S. Ct. at 2523. As we held with respect to Blakely, the Booker rule fits squarely within the Court’s holding that a “change in the law requiring that juries, rather than judges, make the factual findings on which a sen- tence is based [does] not announce a watershed rule of crimi- nal procedure.” Schardt, 414 F.3d at 1036 (citing Schriro, 124 S. Ct. at 2524-26).

III. CONCLUSION [3] Booker is not retroactive, and does not apply to cases on collateral review where the conviction was final as of the date of Booker’s publication. To the extent that Cruz’ appeal challenges her sentence under Booker, the district court’s denial of her petition is AFFIRMED. The appellant’s remain- ing, unrelated claims are addressed in a separate unpublished disposition.