Tolbert v. Pliler
Tolbert v. Pliler
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
Petitioner-Appellant Gregory Tolbert (“Tolbert”) was convicted in California state court of two counts of first degree burglary and one count of forcible escape, and was sentenced under California’s three-strikes law to seventy-seven years to life in prison. After exhausting his state-court remedies, Tolbert sought a writ of habeas corpus in federal court, alleging various constitutional errors. The district court denied the writ, and Tolbert now appeals.
We review the district court’s decision de novo, see Williams v. Runnels, 432 F.3d 1102, 1105 (9th Cir. 2006), and the state court’s decision under the deferential standard of the the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”), see Himes v. Thompson, 336 F.3d 848, 852 (9th Cir. 2003). Under AEDPA, federal habeas relief is unavailable for a claim adjudicated in state court unless the state court’s decision “was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).
Tolbert first asserts that his trial attorney provided him with ineffective assistance of counsel by requesting multiple continuances and by failing to sever the escape charge from the burglary charges.
Second, Tolbert claims that his right to a speedy trial was violated because
Finally, Tolbert contends that the trial court improperly admitted various evidence against him, resulting in a violation of his right to due process. To obtain relief on this claim, Tolbert must demonstrate that the improperly-admitted evidence “is so unduly prejudicial that it renders the trial fundamentally unfair.” Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808, 825, 111 S.Ct. 2597, 115 L.Ed.2d 720 (1991). We find that Tolbert has failed to make this showing. Our review of the record indicates that there was a substantial amount of properly admitted evidence—including fingerprint evidence and eyewitness testimony—that established Tolbert’s guilt. Thus, none of the three challenged evidentiary rulings undermined the fundamental fairness of Tolbert’s trial, and habeas relief on due process grounds is unavailable.
The decision of the district court is AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
. Because the state court did not supply any reasoning with respect to its denial of Tolbelt's ineffective-assistance claim, we independently review the record on this issue to determine whether the state court clearly erred in its application of controlling federal law and whether its decision was “objectively reasonable.” Delgado v. Lewis, 223 F.3d 976, 982 (9th Cir. 2000).
Concurring Opinion
concurring.
I agree that Petitioner has failed to prove that the challenged actions of his counsel and the trial court caused prejudice as required under clearly established Federal law. However, I write separately to address Petitioner’s claim that his counsel was ineffective in not opposing the joinder of his burglary and escape counts.
In order to prove his counsel was constitutionally ineffective, Petitioner must demonstrate (1) that his counsel’s performance failed to meet an “ ‘objective standard of reasonableness,’ ‘under prevailing professional norms,’ ” Rompilla v. Beard, 545 U.S. 374, -, 125 S.Ct. 2456, 2462, 162 L.Ed.2d 360 (2005) (citations omitted); and (2) “a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984).
First, we have “acknowledged that there is ‘a high risk of undue prejudice ... whenever joinder of counts allows evidence of other crimes to be introduced in a trial of charges with respect to which the evidence would otherwise be inadmissible.’ ” Bean v. Calderon, 163 F.3d 1073, 1084 (9th Cir. 1998) (quoting United States v. Lewis, 787 F.2d 1318, 1322 (9th Cir. 1986)). Thus, an attorney would be unreasonable to not oppose joinder in a case, such as this, where evidence from events separate in time and space would not otherwise be cross-admissible, and the risk of prejudice to his client is substantial.
Second, counsel would have likely succeeded in opposing joinder of the Knoll burglary with the escape count, as Petitioner had not yet been charged with the Knoll burglary at the time of the escape. While the provision of California law allowing for joinder of “two or more different offenses of the same class of crimes or offenses” appears to provide a basis for the joinder of the two burglaries, Cal.Pe
Although counsel’s performance was objectively unreasonable, I agree that the evidence presented against Tolbert was so substantial that our confidence in the outcome is not sufficiently undermined to warrant reversal. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052. I, therefore, concur in the judgment.
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