Ernst v. City of Bellingham
Ernst v. City of Bellingham
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
Joann Ernst brought an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against the City of Bellingham, Washington, and several city officials, complaining of her arrest and prosecution following a protest at a city council meeting. The district court granted defendants’ summary judgment motion, and Ernst appeals from that judgment. The facts are known to the parties and are repeated here only as necessary.
Bellingham Mayor Mark Asmundson declared by affidavit that he left the city council meeting before Ernst’s protest and had no involvement in her subsequent arrest and prosecution. Because Asmundson could only be liable if he was personally involved in violating Ernst’s constitutional rights, Mackinney v. Nielsen, 69 F.3d 1002, 1008 (9th Cir. 1995), he was entitled to summary judgment.
Bellingham Police Chief Randy Carroll was entitled to summary judgment for ordering Ernst’s arrest because a reasonable observer of the city council meeting would have concluded that there was at least a fair probability that Ernst disrupted the meeting. Thus, there was probable cause to arrest her, and Carroll did not violate Ernst’s constitutional rights.
Finally, the district court properly found that Ernst’s arrest was not pursuant to an unconstitutional municipal policy. We reject Ernst’s overbreadth challenge to Bellingham Municipal Code § 10.24.010(B)
Ernst’s vagueness challenge to the ordinance also fails. The ordinance’s scienter requirement mitigates any vagueness problem, providing a reasonable person with adequate notice that her conduct is proscribed and limiting the discretion of law enforcement. See United States v. Wyatt, 408 F.3d 1257, 1261 (9th Cir. 2005) cert. denied, — U.S. —, 126 S.Ct. 454, 163 L.Ed.2d 345 (2005); Cal. Teachers Ass’n v. State Bd. of Educ., 271 F.3d 1141, 1154 (9th Cir. 2001) (citation omitted).
Finally, we reject Ernst’s challenge to the ordinance as applied to her. The government has the constitutional power to impose reasonable restrictions on speech during city council meetings, and the city council has a substantial interest in “accomplishing its business in a reasonably efficient manner.” White, 900 F.2d at 1425-26. This interest is unrelated to the suppression of free expression, and the restriction on speech is no greater than necessary to further the interest. See Vlasak, 329 F.3d at 691.
Because the ordinance is not unconstitutional on its face nor as applied, the district court did not err in granting summary judgment to the City of Bellingham.
AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. Hoisington’s decision to prosecute Ernst did not represent official municipal policy because “[t]he fact that a particular official— even a policy-making official—has discretion in the exercise of particular functions does not, without more, give rise to municipal liability based on an exercise of that discretion.” Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati, 475 U.S. 469, 481-82, 106 S.Ct. 1292, 89 L.Ed.2d 452 (1986) (plurality opinion); see also Gillette v. Delmore, 979 F.2d 1342, 1349 (9th Cir. 1992) (per curiam).
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.