MEMORANDUM **

A review of the record and the opening brief indicates that the questions raised in this appeal are so insubstantial as not to require further argument. See United States v. Hooton, 693 F.2d 857, 858 (9th Cir. 1982) (per curiam) (stating standard). The Supreme Court’s decision in Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), remains binding on this court until the Supreme Court overrules it. See United States v. Pacheco-Zepeda, 234 F.3d 411, 414 (9th Cir. 2000).

Accordingly, we grant the government’s motion for summary affirmance.

All pending motions are denied as moot.

AFFIRMED.