MEMORANDUM **

A review of the record, the opening brief and the opposition to the motion for summary affirmance indicates that the questions raised in this appeal are so insubstantial as not to require further argument. See United States v. Hooton, 693 F.2d 857, 858 (9th Cir. 1982) (per curiam) (stating standard). The Supreme Court’s decision in Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), remains binding on this court until the Supreme Court overrules it.

Accordingly, we grant appellee’s motion for summary affirmance of the district court’s judgment.

All other pending motions are denied as moot.

AFFIRMED.