MEMORANDUM **

Michael T. Rossides appeals pro se from the district court’s judgment dismissing his action seeking a declaratory judgment that his proposed operation of a for-profit online “press” for enabling bets on matters of alleged public interest is protected by the First Amendment and accordingly not subject to prosecution under 18 U.S.C. §§ 1084, 1952, and 1953. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. After de novo review, LSO, Ltd. v. Strok, 205 F.3d 1146, 1152 (9th Cir. 2000), we affirm.

The district court properly dismissed Rossides’ action for lack of standing because Rossides did not demonstrate that he faces “ ‘a realistic danger of sustaining a direct injury as a result of the statute[s’] operation or enforcement.’ ” Thomas v. Anchorage Equal Rights Comm’n, 220 F.3d 1134, 1139 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (quoting Babbitt v. United Farm Workers Nat'l Union, 442 U.S. 289, 298, 99 S.Ct. 2301, 60 L.Ed.2d 895 (1979)). No prosecuting authorities have ever communicated a specific threat or warning to initiate proceedings against Rossides. See id. at 1140. In addition, Rossides has not identified any relevant history of enforcement under either section 1952 or 1953, and he has cited only a single instance of prosecution under section 1084 involving a bookmaking business that Rossides concedes differed from his in at least one significant respect. See id. at 1139 (evaluation of genuineness of claimed threat of prosecution includes inquiry into past prosecution or enforcement of the challenged statutes).

AFFIRMED.