MEMORANDUM **

Melina Tapia, a native and citizen of Mexico and lawful permanent resident, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ order affirming an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision finding her removable for participating in alien smug*612gling. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review de novo questions of law, Altamirano v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2005). We deny the petition for review.

Contrary to Tapia’s contention, the IJ did not violate her due process rights by admitting her statements to immigration officials in the Form 1-213, Record of Inadmissible Alien, and a transcript of her sworn interview. See Cuevas-Ortega v. INS, 588 F.2d 1274, 1278 (9th Cir. 1979) (“the bare assertion that a statement is involuntary is insufficient” to prove coercion); see also Espinoza v. INS, 45 F.3d 308, 310 (9th Cir. 1995) (“The burden of establishing a basis for exclusion of evidence from a government record falls on the opponent of the evidence, who must come forward with enough negative factors to persuade the court not to admit it.”). Warnings under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966) are not required in civil immigration proceedings. See Trias-Hernandez v. INS, 528 F.2d 366, 368-69 (9th Cir. 1975).

The IJ properly determined that Tapia was removable and that her actions constituted alien smuggling as defined in 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(E)®, because she “provided some form of affirmative assistance to the illegally entering alien.” See Altamirano, 427 F.3d at 592.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.