MEMORANDUM **

Timbul NMN Sianturi, a native and citizen of Indonesia, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ order dismissing his appeal from an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying his application for withholding of removal and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 *685U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence, Hakeem v. INS, 273 F.3d 812, 816 (9th Cir. 2001), and we deny the petition for review.

The IJ denied Sianturi’s asylum application as time-barred. Sianturi does not challenge this finding in his opening brief.

Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s denial of withholding of removal because the harassment and threats Sianturi experienced on account of his Christian religion did not rise to the level of past persecution. See Hoxha v. Ashcroft, 319 F.3d 1179, 1182 (9th Cir. 2003) (holding that a life-time of harassment, threats, and a single beating did not constitute persecution). Furthermore, even if the disfavored group analysis set forth in Sael v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 922 (9th Cir. 2004) applies to Indonesian Christians seeking withholding of removal, Sianturi has not demonstrated a clear probability of future persecution. See id. at 1185. Lastly, Sianturi did not establish that there is a pattern or practice of persecution of Christians in Indonesia. See Lolong v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 1173, 1180-81 (9th Cir. 2007) (en banc) (holding that the Indonesian government was not unable or unwilling to control the perpetrators of the violence).

We do not consider Sianturi’s CAT claim because he did not raise any arguments in his opening brief challenging the denial of CAT relief. See Martinez-Serrano v. INS, 94 F.3d 1256, 1259-60 (9th Cir. 1996).

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.