MEMORANDUM **

Ricardo Herrera-Torres, a native and citizen of Mexico, and Janeth Jaqueline Herrera, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petition for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ order dismissing their appeal from an immigration judge’s removal order. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence the agency’s factual findings, Urzua Covarrubias v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 742, 747 (9th Cir. 2007), and review de novo questions of law, Altamirano v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2005). We deny the petition for review.

Accepting arguendo petitioners’ testimony as true, substantial evidence nonetheless supports the agency’s determination that petitioners knowingly encouraged and assisted another alien to try to enter the United States in violation of law. See 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(E)(i); Urzua Covarrubias, 487 F.3d at 748^49 (substantial evidence supported determination that alien aided and abetted another alien’s illegal entry into the United States). Petitioners fail to present any authority suggesting that the affirmative defense of abandonment of an attempt, as employed in criminal law, is applicable to a charge under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(E)(i).

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.