MEMORANDUM **

Norma Elizabeth Gonzalez-Ramirez, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals order dismissing her appeal from an immigration judge’s decision denying her application for asylum. 1 We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We deny the petition for review.

Substantial evidence supports the Board’s denial of asylum and withholding of removal because Gonzalez-Ramirez failed to show her alleged persecutors threatened her on account of a protected ground. Her fear of future persecution based on having brothers who are gang members is not on account of the protected ground of membership in a particular social group. See Arteaga v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 940, 944-46 (9th Cir. 2007) (holding that neither current nor former gang members constitute a particular social group). Any fear of future persecution based on Gonzalez-Ramirez’s resistance to attempted gang recruitment is not on account of the protected ground of either membership in a particular social group or political opinion. Ramos Barrios v. Holder, 581 F.3d 849, 854-56 (9th Cir. 2009).

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.