MEMORANDUM *

Malcolm K.H. Lee, Sr., contends that the Hawaii Department of Public Safety retaliated against him in violation of the First Amendment and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. To prevail on a First Amendment retaliation claim, a *611 plaintiff must show that his protected speech was a “substantial or motivating factor” in an adverse employment action taken against him. Coszalter v. City of Salem, 320 F.3d 968, 973 (9th Cir. 2003) (internal quotation marks omitted). Similarly, to prevail on a Title VII retaliation claim, a plaintiff must show “a causal link between [his] protected activity and [an] adverse employment action” taken against him. Davis v. Team Electric Co., 520 F.3d 1080, 1093-94 (9th Cir. 2008). We agree with the district court that Lee presented insufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether his speech was a substantial or motivating factor in, or had a causal link to, any adverse employment action that may have been taken against him.

AFFIRMED.