MEMORANDUM **

Scott R. Smith, a Chapter 7 debtor, appeals pro se from the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel’s (“BAP”) judgment affirming the bankruptcy court’s judgment determining that Smith’s debt to Entrepreneur Media, Inc. (“EMI”) is nondis-chargeable in bankruptcy under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(6). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d). We review de novo the bankruptcy court’s conclusions of law and for clear error its findings of fact. Petralia v. Jercich (In re Jercich), 238 F.3d 1202, 1204-05 (9th Cir. 2001). We affirm.

The bankruptcy court properly determined that the debt in question resulted from a willful and malicious injury and therefore was not subject to discharge under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(6). See Papadakis v. Zelis (In re Zelis), 66 F.3d 205, 208-09 (9th Cir. 1995) (setting forth elements of § 523(a)(6), and affirming bankruptcy court’s determination that debtor’s conduct resulting in state court’s award of sanctions was willful and malicious and therefore sanctions were nondischargeable). Contrary to Smith’s contentions, the bankruptcy court did not err in giving preclu-sive effect to the district court’s decision determining that Smith infringed on EMI’s trademark and awarding EMI attorney’s fees. See Clark v. Bear Stearns & Co., 966 F.2d 1318, 1320 (9th Cir. 1992) (setting forth elements of issue preclusion under federal law); see also Earthquake Sound Corp. v. Bumper Indus., 352 F.3d 1210, 1216 (9th Cir. 2003) (court may award attorney’s fees only in exceptional trademark cases where defendant acted maliciously, fraudulently, deliberately, or willfully).

We do not consider Smith’s contentions concerning the bankruptcy court’s failure to sanction EMI sua sponte because Smith lacks standing, as he was not “directly and adversely affected pecuniarily” by the deci *708 sion and hence does not qualify as a “person aggrieved.” Duckor Spradling & Metzger v. Baum Trust (In re P.R.T.C., Inc.), 177 F.3d 774, 777 (9th Cir. 1999) (discussing additional prudential standing requirement in bankruptcy cases); see also Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9011(c)(2) (providing for payment of sanctions to party only on party’s motion).

Smith’s remaining contentions are unpersuasive.

AFFIRMED.