MEMORANDUM *

Dennis Lamar James, Jr. appeals the district court’s order granting summary judgment to all defendants on James’s excessive force claims and his Fourth Amendment claims brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

I

James argues that the district court did not comply with the requirements of Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc). Under Rand, the district court bears an “obligation] to advise prisoner' pro per litigants of Rule 56 requirements.” Rand, 154 F.3d at 956 (quoting Klingele v. Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409, 411-412 (9th Cir. 1988)). Here, the district court mailed a Rand notice, but it was returned from the prison as undeliverable. No new notice was sent even though James had promptly provided notice of change of address.

*511 However, Rand does not apply to this case because the record indicates that by the time the defendants filed their summary judgment motions, James was no longer incarcerated. See Jacobsen v. Filler, 790 F.2d 1362, 1364 (9th Cir. 1986) (holding that notice of Rule 56 requirement is not required for non-incarcerated pro se litigants). Therefore, there was no Rand error.

II

The decision to appoint counsel for pro se litigants under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1) “is within the sound discretion of the trial court and is granted only in exceptional circumstances.” Agyeman v. Corr. Corp. of Am., 390 F.3d 1101, 1103 (9th Cir. 2004) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). When determining whether exceptional circumstances are present, a court must consider “the likelihood of success on the merits as well as the ability of the petitioner to articulate his claims pro se in light of the complexity of the legal issues involved.” Palmer v. Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 970 (9th Cir. 2009) (citation omitted).

The district court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that James had not shown he was faced with exceptional circumstances. James did not allege any facts in his requests for counsel supporting his likelihood to succeed on the merits, and the case did not present complex factual or legal theories.

III

We decline to reach the remainder of the arguments made by James because they were raised for the first time on appeal. Cold Mountain v. Garber, 375 F.3d 884, 891 (9th Cir. 2004). Accordingly, we affirm the grant of summary judgment. 1

AFFIRMED.