MEMORANDUM **

Defendant Alan Gregory Flesher appeals his conviction and sentence for mail fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2(b). We affirm.

1. The district court did not plainly err when it accepted Defendant’s guilty plea. *653 United States v. Minore, 292 F.3d 1109, 1117 (9th Cir. 2002). Even assuming that the court developed an insufficient factual basis for accepting Defendant’s plea under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11, the error was harmless because the record does not disclose “a reasonable probability that, but for the error, he would not have entered the plea.” United States v. Dominguez Benitez, 542 U.S. 74, 83, 124 S.Ct. 2333, 159 L.Ed.2d 157 (2004). To the contrary, the record shows that Defendant indicated consistently that he intended to plead guilty. Moreover, before his sentencing hearing, Defendant met with a probation officer and had the opportunity to review the detailed factual allegations in the Presentence Report. At sentencing, Defendant neither objected to the assertions in the Report nor attempted to withdraw his guilty plea.

2. Defendant’s low-end, within-Guidelines sentence was substantively reasonable. United States v. Cope, 527 F.3d 944, 952 (9th Cir. 2008). The district court had discretion to treat Defendant differently from his co-defendants because (1) Defendant was the leader of the fraud scheme, and (2) the court articulated specific reasons for varying downward when it sentenced the co-defendants.

AFFIRMED.