NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED FEB 25 2022 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JESSE GRAHAM, No. 21-55419

Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:20-cv-07000-MWF-GJS

v. MEMORANDUM* TAYLOR SWIFT, an individual; BIG MACHINE LABEL GROUP LLC, a limited liability company; UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP, INC., a California Corporation; KOBALT MUSIC PUBLISHING AMERICA, INC., a Delaware Corporation,

Defendants-Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Michael W. Fitzgerald, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted February 15, 2022**

Before: FERNANDEZ, TASHIMA, and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges.

Jesse Graham appeals pro se from the district court’s order dismissing his

copyright action. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). In his opening brief, Graham failed to address the grounds for dismissal and

has therefore waived his challenge to the district court’s order. See Indep. Towers

of Wash. v. Washington, 350 F.3d 925, 929 (9th Cir. 2003) (explaining that “we

will not consider any claims that were not actually argued in appellant’s opening

brief”); Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d 1045, 1052 (9th Cir. 1999) (explaining that

arguments raised for the first time in a reply brief are deemed waived); see also

Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994) (noting that “[w]e will not

manufacture arguments for an appellant . . . .”).

AFFIRMED.

2 21-55419