NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 21 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ROSA GOMEZ DE CASTRO; DILICIA No. 24-853 CASTRO GOMEZ; JOSE CASTRO Agency Nos. GOMEZ; SANTOS BRENDA CASTRO A220-502-453 GOMEZ; KEVIN ADONAY ORELLANA A220-502-449 CASTRO, A220-502-450 A220-502-451 Petitioners, A220-502-452 v. MEMORANDUM* PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted February 13, 2025** San Francisco, California

Before: N.R. SMITH and JOHNSTONE, Circuit Judges, and CHRISTENSEN, District Judge.***

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Dana L. Christensen, United States District Judge for the District of Montana, sitting by designation. Rosa Elena Gomez de Castro and her family, natives and citizens of El

Salvador, petition for review of an order from the Board of Immigration Appeals

(“BIA”) dismissing their appeal of an order from an Immigration Judge (“IJ”)

(collectively, “the Agency”), which denied their applications for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture

(“CAT”).1 We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). “[O]ur review ‘is

limited to the BIA’s decision, except to the extent that the IJ’s opinion is expressly

adopted.’” Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1039 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting

Hosseini v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 953, 957 (9th Cir. 2006)). “In reviewing the BIA’s

decisions, we consider only the grounds relied upon by that agency.” Garcia v.

Wilkinson, 988 F.3d 1136, 1142 (9th Cir. 2021). We deny the petition.

To establish eligibility for asylum and withholding of removal, an applicant

must show the existence of a nexus between past or feared future persecution and a

statutorily protected ground. 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101(a)(42)(A), 1158(b)(1)(B)(i),

1231(b)(3)(A); Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 356–57 (9th Cir. 2017).

Contrary to Petitioners’ contention, substantial evidence, including Gomez De

Castro’s testimony, supports the Agency’s finding that Petitioners’ proposed social

1 Petitioners did not challenge the Agency’s (1) denial of withholding of removal or CAT relief or (2) the finding that they did not meet the asylum nexus standard on account of their imputed or actual political opinions in their opening brief. Therefore, they have abandoned those issues. See Rios v. Lynch, 807 F.3d 1123, 1125 n.1 (9th Cir. 2015).

2 24-853 group—witnesses of criminal gang activity—lacked social distinction. The record

does not demonstrate that Salvadorean society “perceives, considers, or

recognizes” individuals who witness criminal gang activity as socially distinct.

Reyes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 1125, 1131, 1133 (9th Cir. 2016) (citation omitted).

PETITION DENIED.2

2 The temporary stay of removal shall remain in effect until issuance of the mandate. The motion for stay of removal is otherwise denied.

3 24-853