NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 28 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

BRIGITTE ANDREA MOYA No. 24-1901 MORENO; et al., Agency Nos. A240-636-348 Petitioners, A240-636-347 A240-636-349 v. A240-636-350 PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General, MEMORANDUM* Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted April 22, 2025**

Before: GRABER, H.A. THOMAS, and JOHNSTONE, Circuit Judges.

Brigitte Andrea Moya Moreno,1 Fabio Hernan Saza Cruz, and their two

minor children, natives and citizens of Colombia, petition pro se for review of the

Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing their appeal from an

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 1 The clerk will update petitioner’s name on the docket to Brigitte Andrea Moya Moreno consistent with the agency decision. immigration judge’s decision denying their applications for asylum, withholding of

removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have

jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence the

agency’s factual findings. Arrey v. Barr, 916 F.3d 1149, 1157 (9th Cir. 2019). We

deny the petition for review.

Petitioners’ challenges to the agency’s determinations that their past harm

did not rise to the level of persecution and their fear of future persecution was not

objectively reasonable are not properly before the court because petitioners did not

raise these issues before the BIA. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1) (administrative

remedies must be exhausted); see also Santos-Zacaria v. Garland, 598 U.S. 411, 417-19 (2023) (section 1252(d)(1) is not jurisdictional).

Because these issues are dispositive, we need not reach petitioners’

remaining contentions regarding the merits of their claims. See Simeonov v.

Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 532, 538 (9th Cir. 2004) (courts and agencies are not required

to decide issues unnecessary to the results they reach). Thus, petitioners’ asylum

and withholding of removal claims fail.

Substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of CAT protection

because petitioners failed to show it is more likely than not they will be tortured by

or with the consent or acquiescence of the government if returned to Colombia. See

Aden v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1040, 1047 (9th Cir. 2009).

2 24-1901 The temporary stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

3 24-1901