NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 9 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT CURTIS L. DOWNING, No. 23-2058

D.C. No. 2:23-cv-00156-ART-BNW

Plaintiff - Appellant, v. MEMORANDUM* Mr. AARON DARNELL FORD Esquire; STEVE SISOLAK; BRIAN SANDOVAL; Mr. ADAM PAUL LAXALT; STEVEN B. WOLFSON,

Defendants - Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Nevada

Anne R. Traum, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted August 19, 2025** Before: SILVERMAN, HURWITZ, and BADE, Circuit Judges.

Curtis L. Downing appeals pro se from the district court’s judgment dismissing his action challenging the constitutionality of a 1951 Nevada statute

*

This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

**

The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). creating a statute revision commission. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012). We affirm.

The district court properly dismissed Downing’s action because Downing failed to allege facts sufficient to state a plausible claim. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(ii) (requiring dismissal of a case where it “fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted”); Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 341-42 (9th Cir. 2010) (although pro se pleadings are construed liberally, a plaintiff must allege facts sufficient to state a plausible claim); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 3 (“A civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court.”); Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.1 (setting forth requirements when a party challenges the constitutionality of a statute).

The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Downing’s motion for relief from judgment because Downing failed to demonstrate any basis for relief. See Sch. Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah County, Or., 5 F.3d 1255, 1262-63 (9th Cir. 1993) (setting forth standard of review and grounds for relief under Rule 60(b)).

The motion (Docket Entry No. 18) for judicial notice is denied.

AFFIRMED.

2 23-2058