Capital Traction Co. v. Morgan
Capital Traction Co. v. Morgan
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the Court:
The first assignment of error relates to the action of the trial court in permitting the plaintiff to prove the facts and circumstances surrounding the assault. It is the contention of the defendant that the special plea and the joinder of issue thereon raised the single question of justification. The plea alleged that when the motorman laid hands upon and removed the plaintiff, plaintiff was “blockading the passage of other passengers forward,” and such must have been the finding of the jury to sustain the plea. The evidence of the plaintiff tended to show not only that he was not “blockading the passage of other
During plaintiff’s testimony he stated that immediately after his release by the motorman he assumed the position from which he had been removed. Ilis counsel thereupon moved the court to strike out this statement, which motion was granted, over the objection and exception of the defendant. We quite agree with the learned trial justice that “if he (plaintiff) had a right there originally, it would not malee any difference whether he went back or not.” Moreover, defendant’s witnesses, without objection, testified to the same fact.
We come now to the main question in the case, that is, whether the court’s charge, to which reference has been made, correctly stated the law. While the duty of common carriers of passengers may not be abridged by rules and regulations, there is no doubt as to the power of such a carrier to make and enforce reasonable rules and regulations having for their object the safety and comfort of the traveling public. The rights of a single passenger are not greater nor less than those of every other passenger. Thus the carrier has a right to make and enforce a rule confining a passenger to one seat. Chesapeake & O. R. Co. v. Spiller, 151 Ky. 222, 50 L.R.A.(N.S.) 394, 162 S. W. 815, Ann. Cas. 1915D, 186. The passenger contracts for one seat, and has no right to more. So, too, must
The next and last assignment of error relates to the question of damages. It first is insisted that there was no proof of damage, and hence that nominal damages only should have been allowed. It is seriously contended by appellant that it does not appear that the plaintiff suffered any injured feelings, nor that he endured any indignity, humiliation, or wounded pride. One person may be more sensitive than another, or, stated otherwise, one person may be more callous than another to public gaze under embarrassing conditions, but we think the rule of law is that where the circumstances-of such an assault as is here shown to have taken place are before the jury, the jury may infer that the average person would suffer from the indignity and humiliation. Indeed, to the average person those elements of hurt would be more distressing and lasting than the
But, it is insisted, mental suffering unaccompanied by physical injury may not form the basis of damages. The overwhelming weight of authority is to the contrary. Lake Shore & M. S. R. Co. v. Prentice, 147 U. S. 101 37 L. ed. 97, 13 Sup. Ct. Rep. 261; Alexander v. Blodgett, 44 Vt. 476; Head v. Georgia P. R. Co. 79 Ga. 358, 11 Am. St. Rep. 434, 7 S. E. 217, 8 Am. Neg. Cas. 135; Shepard v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. 77 Iowa, 54, 41 N. W. 564; Gillespie v. Brooklyn Heights R. Co. 178 N. Y. 347, 66 L.R.A. 618, 102 Am. St. Rep. 503, 70 N. E. 857, 16 Am. Neg. Rep. 181; Louisville & N. R. Co. v. Hine, 121 Ala. 234, 25 So. 857; Pennsylvania R. Co. v. Connell, 127 Ill. 419, 20 N. E. 89; Pennsylvania Co. v. Bray, 125 Ind. 229, 25 N. E. 439. Here, however, there was an actual physical assault.
The further contention is made, under this assignment of error, that the charge of the court upon the question of damages was so vague as to permit the jury to find punitive damages. There is no justification for this contention in the record. Punitive damages were neither claimed by the plaintiff nor permitted to be found by the court.
The judgment is affirmed, with costs. Affirmed.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- CAPITAL TRACTION COMPANY v. MORGAN
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published
- Syllabus
- Pleading; Trial; Carriers; Street Railroads; Assault; Instructions to Jury; Damages. 1. In an action against a street railway company by a former passenger in one of its cars, for an assault committed upon Mm by the motorman in dragging him to the front of the car from a position in the aisle where he was standing, where the defendant files a plea alleging that when the motorman laid hands upon the plaintiff, and' removed him from his position in the aisle of the car, the plaintiff was blocking the passage of other passengers forward, and the plaintiff joins issue on the plea, the evidence by the plaintiff will not be confined to the single question of justification, but he may show the facts and circumstances surrounding the alleged assault. Note. — As to liability of carrier for assaults by employees upon passengers, see notes to Davis v. Houghtelin, 14 L.R.A. 738; Daniel v. Petersburg R. Co. 4 L.R.A. (N.S.) 483; Houston & T. C. R. Co. v. Bush, 32 L.R.A. (N.S.) 1201; and St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. Co v. Jaohson, L.R.A. 1915E, 668. 2. Where the plaintiff in an action against a street railway company for an assault by a motorman of the defendant, who forced the plaintiff from a position in the aisle of the ear where he was standing, to a position in the forward part of the car, testified that after the motorman released him he returned to his former position, whereupon his counsel moved to strike out that statement, it was held not error for the trial court to grant such motion over the objection of the defendant, — especially where the defendant’s witnesses afterwards testified without objection to the same effect. 3. While the duty of a common carrier of passengers may not be abridged by its rules and regulations, such a carrier may make and enforce reasonable rules and regulations having for their object the safety and comfort of the traveling public. 4. In an action by a former passenger of a street railway company against the company for an alleged assault committed by the motorman of the car in which the plaintiff was riding, in forcing the plaintiff from a position in the aisle where he was standing to the front of the car, it is not error for the trial court to charge the jury, at the plaintiff’s request, that if they believe from the evidence that the position the plaintiff occupied in the car did not block the aisle or obstruct other passengers from freely passing the plaintiff, the defendant had no right to drag or require the plaintiff to move from the place he occupied to another part of the car-, and that if they find that the plaintiff was not committing a breach of the peace or obstructing the aisle, and the motorman took hold of him and pulled or dragged him through a portion of the car, they should find for the plaintiff. 5. Where a motorman on a street railway car dragged a passenger from a position in the aisle of the car where the passenger was standing to the front part of the car, on the claim that he was obstructing the aisle and preventing the passage of other passengers, it is proper for the trial court, in an action by the passenger against the railway company, to instruct the jury that if they find for the plaintiff they should consider the injured feelings of the plaintiff, the indignity endured, the humiliation, wounded pride, mental suffering, and the like, and to allow such sum as the jury might think proper, not exceeding the amount named in the declaration. 6. Semble: Mental suffering unaccompanied by physical injury may form the basis of damages.