District of Columbia v. Washington Terminal Co.
District of Columbia v. Washington Terminal Co.
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the Court:
Under the provisions of sec. 6 of said Act of 1903 (32 Stat. at L. 914, chap. 856), property “owned or occupied” by the terminal company is subject to taxation. It is not contended by the terminal company that Congress did not possess authority to levy such an impost upon the occupied streets and avenues in question, but that an intent to do so does not appear from the language employed. The location and construction of this great terminal, with its arterial connections, was an enterprise of an enduring character. This was well known to Congress, as will be apparent from an examination of the acts authorizing it. Congress might have provided not only for the abandonment of the streets and avenues in question, but for the acquisition of title thereto by the terminal company, in which event that company would have been compelled to expend a large sum of money at the outset and thereafter pay taxes on the land acquired. Evidently desiring to relieve the company of so great a burden, permission was given to occupy these streets and avenues as though the title really was in the terminal company. In other words, all the benefits of actual ownership were conferred upon the terminal company so long as it carried out tire purposes for which it was created. There was a
N or is there anything in the proviso of said see. 6 inconsistent with the intent that occupied property should he subject to taxation. Largely for the benefit of the public certain bridges, tunnels, viaducts, and retaining walls were required to be constructed, and the first proviso simply eliminates from taxation such artificial structures, leaving the taxes to he assessed upon the unimproved land “owned or occupied by the terminal company.” But if such structures are to he used for storage or like commercial purposes, they are subject to taxation under the second proviso, the terms of which are inconsistent with the claim that it was not the intent of Congress to tax land merely occupied by the company. That proviso clearly includes structures located upon land occupied as well as upon laud owned by the terminal company. We rule, therefore, that the abandoned streets and avenues occupied by the terminal company are subject to taxation. A different conclusion would require us to disregard the plain words of the statute and the obvious intent of Congress.
What provision, if any, was made for the assessment and collection of these taxes? The first part of sec. 6, above quoted, declares that this property shall be subject to taxation “in the same manner and to the same extent as other property in the District,” while in the second proviso the words used are “in the same manner as other property in the District of Columbia.” The District authorities proceeded upon the assumption that these words authorized ihe sale of the property taxed, for delinquent taxes. We do not think so. In the first place, the language used evidently refers only to the maimer and measure of the assessment. The words used are “shall be subject to taxation,” etc. No provision whatever is made for the collection of the taxes to be assessed, and it is a well-known rule that the language of such taxing acts will not be enlarged by construction. Thus a drainage law providing that drainage taxes should be collected in the same maimer as general taxes was held not to adopt the penalty provision of the latter law.
Where special provision for the collection of taxes is made, and it is apparent that no other remedy is contemplated, there can be no resort to a common-law action for the enforcement of the tax. 1 Cooley, Taxn. 17, 18, and 19; Burroughs, Taxn. pages 4 and 253; Dill. Mun. Corp. sec. 1414. But, says Mr. Cooley, “instances have occurred of tax laws which provided for laying the tax, but made no provision whatever for collection. In such case it may well be held that the legislature contemplated the enforcement of the tax by the ordinary remedies.; and therefore, if the tax was assessed against an individual, that assumpsit or debt would lie for the recovery thereof. The same reasoning would support a proceeding in equity to enforce a lien for the tax when assessed, not against an individual, but against property * * *.” In State ex rel. Kansas City,
On May 25, 1917, a motion to recall and amend the mandate was granted.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA v. WASHINGTON TERMINAL COMPANY
- Status
- Published
- Syllabus
- Taxation; Washington Terminal Company; Equity; Adequate Bemedy at Law. 1. Under the Act of Congress of February 28, 1903 (32 Stat. at L. 909, chap. 856), providing for a union station in this District, and for the.closing and abandonment of certain streets within the area to be occupied by the Washington Terminal Company, and requiring that the property “owned or occupied” by the company under the authority of the act shall be subject to taxation in the same manner and to the same extent as other property in the District, the company is required to pay taxes upon the land formerly comprising such streets, but now occupied by the company as part of its station and yard, but such taxes are not collectable by sale of the land for delinquent taxes, as in case of other taxable lands in the District. 2. Where the legislature provides for the payment of taxes,'but makes no provision for collection, and gives no lien for the taxes against the property sought to be taxed, it may be that an action at law will lie by the taxing authorities against the party required to pay the taxes. 3. A bill in equity will not lie by the District of Columbia against the Washington Terminal Company, to collect the taxes which the Act of Congress of Eebruary 28, 1903 (32 Stat. at L. 909, chap. 856), requires the company to pay on land of the United States in the District occupied by the company under that act for terminal purposes, and which was formerly used for street purposes, there being no lien to enforce, and the plaintiff’s remedy at law not being inadequate.