California v. Federal Power Commission
Opinion of the Court
This is a statutory review proceeding under the Natural Gas Act, 15 U.S.C. § 717r(b) (1970), brought by intervenor State of California to challenge a decision of the Federal Power Commission. That decision granted Transwestern Pipeline Company the right to “normalize” its accounting of depreciation deductions taken on all “pre-1970 property and post-1969 non-expansion property” after the Company had made an election under the Tax Reform Act of 1969, 26 U.S.C. § 167 (Z) (1970) to “normalize” accounting of depreciation deductions on post-1969 expansion property.
The chief point of contention at this stage in the litigation concerns the FPC’s use of the “formula” method of accounting in determining whether to permit a shift from “flow through” to “normalization” accounting on pre-1970 property and post-1969 non-expansion property. This method is authorized by Treas.Reg. § 1.167(Z)-4(b) (2), (c) (1970). To put the contention in perspective it is necessary to briefly outline the nature of the shift from “flow through” to “normalization” and the reasons the FPC advances to permit that shift. Prior to the FPC decision in the Texas Gas case, a public utility subject to the Natural Gas Act was required to pass onto its consumers the tax savings generated by its double declining balance depreciation in the year in which such tax savings were generated.
This Court on remand from that decision reviewed the FPC’s exercise of discretion in the Texas Gas case to permit the pipeline company to shift to normalization on property not covered by the Tax Reform Act of 1969. The FPC’s general conclusion, upheld in this Court’s Memphis Light decision, was that the tax savings gained through accelerated depreciation on pre-1970 property and post-1969 non-expansion property would not remain constant but would in fact be eliminated after a period of years. To require the utility to flow-through for rate-making purposes the tax savings in the early years to consumers would mean that later consumers who would not receive the benefit of the savings would be subsidizing the earlier consumers. Furthermore, the change in tax savings would de-stabilize rates in general. The factual basis for this general conclusion was that the depreciable property base, consisting of pre-1970 property and post-1969 non-expansion property, would itself decline since by the FPC’s calculations the Company would not be bringing enough replacement property on stream after 1969 to keep up the pre-1969 accelerated depreciation deductions. This Court in Memphis Light upheld this factual determination by noting that the FPC had before it data which indicated that Texas Gas annual plant retirements were far short of amount needed to maintain the depreciable property base.
However, petitioner State of California raises an objection, apparently not considered in detail in our Memphis Light opinion,
The FPC initially responds to this argument by stating that the Memphis Light opinion of this Court has already over-ruled such a contention. We do not think this is correct. The Memphis Light opinion relied in its finding of substantial evidence on data relating to the original cost of probable future retirements. 501 F.2d at 803. Therefore, while the opinion states in a footnote, id. n. 27, that it does not decide the validity of the formula method but does conclude there is substantial evidence that Texas Gas would have insufficient non-expansion investment to maintain its depreciation deduction, the opinion cannot have resolved the issue of whether original cost is the proper definition of replacement or non-expansion property. Furthermore, whatever were the facts in Memphis Light, it is clear in this case that there is no evidence at all in the record as to probable future cost of replacement property other than as valued at original cost of the property retired. If original cost is an improper method of determining the value of replacement property, the FPC’s decision that depreciable base will shrink and correspondingly Transwestern’s depreciation deduction on non-expansion property will decline would not be supported by any evidence in the record.
However, we are unable to conclude that original cost as used in the formula method explicitly authorized by Treasury Regulations is an impermissable mode of determining the value of replacement property. In effect, petitioner is mounting an oblique attack on the Treasury Regulations as being inconsistent with the intent of Congress in the 1969 Tax Reform Act. However, unless otherwise indicated by statute or decision, the FPC is authorized to accept the formula method for rate-making pur
Our own review of the record in this case raises one additional issue which we feel constrained to note but which would not be appropriate as a ground of decision since it was not presented to the FPC for an initial ruling. We point out this issue for the guidance of the FPC in any future proceedings on the relation of depreciation deductions and rate-making. The FPC at various points in its opinion and briefs in this case refers to the fact that since the depreciable property base will decline, there can be no “tax savings” but only a “tax deferral” for the utility. Of course, the FPC is undoubtedly aware that a “tax deferral” is also a “tax savings” of sorts since the taxpayer has the use of the money which would be used to pay the tax for the period during which the tax is deferred.
Affirmed.
. Transwestern Pipeline Co., 45 F.P.C. 1170 (1971). For a description of the effect of the Tax Reform Act of 1969 and the distinction between “normalization” accounting and “flow through” accounting, see FPC v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water Div., 411 U.S. 458, 93 S.Ct. 1723, 36 L.Ed.2d 426 (1973).
. See Alabama-Tennessee Natural Gas Co., 31 F.P.C. 208 (1964), aff’d, 359 F.2d 318 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 847, 87 S.Ct. 69, 17 L.Ed.2d 78 (1966).
. 500 F.2d at 802-803.
. See Transwestern Pipeline Co., 45 F.P.C. 1170, 1177 (1971). These figures are reproduced on p. 230 infra. These statistics coupled with the present shortage of natural gas, see FPC v. Louisiana Power & Light Co., 406 U.S. 621, 626, 92 S.Ct. 1827, 32 L.Ed.2d 369 (1972); Transwestern Pipeline Co., 45 F.P.C. 1170, 1178-79 (1971), are sufficient to uphold the FPO decision, if we assume the propriety of the “formula” method. See Memphis Light, Gas & Water Div. v. FPC, 163 U.S.App.D.C. 130, 500 F.2d 798, 803-804 (1974).
. 500 F.2d at 803 n. 27. The Court implies that it need not decide the validity of the “formula” method to uphold the FPC’s decision.
. Transwestern Pipeline Co., 45 F.P.C. 1170, 1177 (1971).
. The FPC argues that two other considerations would support its decision. First, relying on the opinion in Memphis Light, 501 F.2d at 806, the FPC argues that normalization will improve the before-tax interest coverage of Transwestern’s securities. Second, the FPC argues that the tax payments deferred through accelerated deductions and not passed onto consumers will generate capital needed by the natural gas industry in general and the Transwestern Pipeline Company in particular. The first argument does not appear to have been relied upon in the Commission’s opinion in this case. The second argument was by our reading of the opinion not an independent ground for the FPC’s decision. We thus do not determine whether that argument is supported by substantial evidence, an issue clearly not resolved by Memphis Light.
. Cf. Mobil Oil Corp. v. FPC, 417 U.S. 283, 94 S.Ct. 2328, 2355-2356, 41 L.Ed.2d 72 (1974); Wisconsin v. FPC, 373 U.S. 294, 313-314, 83 S.Ct. 1266, 10 L.Ed.2d 357 (1963).
. Indeed, the use value of deferred tax payments has been considered important enough by taxpayers to have resulted in some of the most significant tax litigation since the passage of the federal income tax. See, e. g., United States v. Bayse, 410 U.S. 441, 93 S. Ct. 1080, 35 L.Ed.2d 412 (1973); Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. LoBue, 351 U.S. 243, 76 S.Ct. 800, 100 L.Ed. 1142 (1956); Eisner v. Macomber, 252 U.S. 189, 40 S.Ct. 189, 64 L.Ed. 521 (1920); United States v. Drescher, 177 F.2d 863 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 340 U.S. 821, 71 S.Ct. 53, 60, 95 L.Ed. 603 (1950).
.Brief for the FPC, at 24-25; cf. Transwestern Pipeline Co., 45 F.P.C. 1170, 1182 (1971).
. Petitioner lias thus not exhausted its administrative remedies. See Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., 303 U.S. 41, 58 S.Ct. 459, 82 L.Ed. 638 (1938); Schuck v. Butz, 163 U.S.App.D.C. 142, 500 F.2d 810 (1974). To be sure, petitioner did argue that the reserve account containing the deferred tax payment is a consumer loan to the utility. But that argument is not substantially similar to the argument advanced in the text.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- The PEOPLE OF the STATE OF CALIFORNIA and the Public Utilities Commission of the State of California v. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION, Transwestern Pipeline Company, Intervener
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- 1 case
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- Published