King v. U.S. Dep't of Justice
King v. U.S. Dep't of Justice
Opinion of the Court
Plaintiff Richard King, proceeding pro se , brings this action under the Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA"),
King had more than ample time to provide the Court with his response to the Department's motion for summary judgment. Having obtained numerous extensions, having received clear notice of his final deadline, and having missed that final deadline by a period of many weeks, he cannot not now obtain a do-over. As explained in the Court's March 28, 2017 opinion, one issue remains to be adjudicated, *184and, going forward, King should devote his attention to that remaining issue.
I. BACKGROUND
King, who has been incarcerated throughout this proceeding, filed this action on September 3, 2015, seeking records relating to his criminal convictions from four Department of Justice components: the Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI"), the Office of the Solicitor General ("OSG"), the Drug Enforcement Agency ("DEA"), and the Executive Office for United States Attorneys ("EOUSA"). Dkt. 1 at 2-3 (Compl.). On March 3, 2016, the Department moved to dismiss or, in the alternative, for summary judgment, arguing that each of these components had conducted adequate searches and had released all non-exempt, reasonably segregable records. Dkt. 26 at 1. In light of the fact that King was incarcerated and was proceeding pro se , the Court sua sponte extended his time to file an opposition by several weeks and ordered that he respond on or before April 15, 2016. See Dkt. 27. In that same order, the Court cautioned King of the consequences should he fail to file a timely response.
Shortly before his time to respond expired, King filed a motion seeking an additional sixty days to oppose the Department's motion, Dkt. 30, which the Court granted, see Minute Order (April 11, 2016). Under the revised schedule, King had until June 15, 2016 to file his opposition.
King did not file an opposition or cross-motion on January 23, 2017, but, instead, filed a motion to "toll" his time to respond "until further notice" because, he asserted, the facility in which he was incarcerated was frequently and without warning placed on lockdown for indefinite periods of time, thus depriving him of access to the prison law library. Dkt. 41 at 2-3. In response, the Court ordered the Department of Justice to disclose how many days King had been on lockdown in the preceding year. See Minute Order (Jan. 26, 2017). The Department answered that order, explaining that King had been on lockdown for 42 days between January 26, 2016 and January 26, 2017. Dkt. 42-1 at 1-2 (Cowart Decl. ¶ 3). In the ninety days following the Court's order granting King the final ninety-day extension, King was on a two-day lockdown that ended the day of the Court's order, and one additional lockdown from January 6, 2017, to January 17, 2017.
Three weeks later, on March 28, 2017, the Court issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order granting in part and denying in part the Department's motion for summary judgment. See Dkt. 47 at 11. King, by that point, had more than 300 days to respond.
On May 19, 2017, nearly two months after issuing its opinion, the Court received a letter from King dated May 11. Dkt. 50 at 1-4. That letter asserts that five days before the Court ruled on the Department's motion, King sent the Court "part one" of his combined opposition to the Department's motion and cross-motion for summary judgment.
Subsequently, King filed an undated motion
*186presumably alluding to a forthcoming "part three." Id. at 30.
On August 3, 2017, the Court asked the Department to indicate "whether [its] counsel ... received 'part one' of [King's] opposition" and, if so, the date of receipt. Minute Order (Aug. 3, 2017). The Court also instructed the Department to indicate "the days on which [King] was on lockdown or otherwise precluded from accessing legal and computing resources" since January 26, 2017 (the date of the Court's first request for King's lockdown statistics). Id. In response, the Department's counsel stated that he had "an original copy of 'part one' " but was "unable to confirm the date of receipt." Dkt. 58 at 1. The Department further reported that, for the eight-month period from January 26 to September 18, 2017 (the day on which the Department responded), King was on lockdown during the following periods: February 10, 2017 through February 21, 2017; April 19, 2017 through April 25, 2017; May 6, 2017 through May 29, 2017; June 22, 2017 through June 26, 2016; and August 8, 2017 through August 14, 2017. Dkt. 58-1 at 1-2 (Horikawa Decl. ¶¶ 3-4, 7). Thus, for the sixty days between January 26, 2017, when King's opposition and cross-motion were due, and March 28, 2017, when the Court issued its Memorandum Opinion and Order, King was on lockdown for only 19 days.
II. ANALYSIS
King's late submission of "part one" of his combined opposition and cross-motion, subsequent motion for leave to file "part two" of his motion out of time, and motion for reconsideration require that the Court address two issues. First, has King established "good cause" for failing to file his combined opposition and cross-motion in a timely manner? Second, has he shown that reconsideration of the Court's March 28, 2017 Memorandum Opinion and Order is warranted? The Court considers each of these issues in turn.
A. Motion for Leave to File Out of Time
As an initial matter, there is no doubt that King submitted both "part one" and "part two" of his combined opposition and cross-motion out of time. After providing King 326 days to file his opposition, the Court declined to grant King any further extensions. By his own telling, however, he did not even attempt to mail "part one" to the Court until March 23, 2017-over a year after the Department filed its motion and approximately two months after the final date the Court set for King to file.
The sole question, accordingly, is whether King has shown "good cause" for missing the deadline. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(1). He has not. King moved for an indefinite extension of time before his opposition was due, Dkt. 41, and the Court denied that motion for the reasons previously explained, Dkt. 46. King's more recent motion was made well after his deadline to file passed, and it must, accordingly, be assessed under the less generous "excusable neglect" standard. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(1)(B). Although not subject to precise definition, courts are required to weigh several factors "when determining what kind of neglect will be considered 'excusable.' " In re Vitamins Antitrust Class Actions ,
Here, the balance tips overwhelmingly against accepting King's late filings. King had more than ample time to file his combined opposition and cross-motion. Indeed, the Court granted King every reasonable benefit of the doubt in setting, and repeatedly extending, the briefing schedule. King had 326 days to file, and, even accounting for the periods of time when he was on lockdown, he had more than 280 days to file. See Dkt. 42-1 at 1-2 (Cowart Decl. ¶ 3); Dkt. 46 at 3. He was also repeatedly warned about the consequences of failing to respond in time. King's contention that he mailed his opposition and cross-motion to the Court a few days before the Court issued its March 28, 2017 Memorandum Opinion and Order is of no moment. That assertion, even if accepted, does not change the fact that King was still many weeks late and that his submission was not before the Court when it rendered its decision. Moreover, granting King leave to file now would substantially prejudice the Department, would interfere with the Court's efficient and timely management of this proceeding, and would undermine the sound allocation of scarce judicial resources. Fault lies exclusively with King, and the sole excuse that he offers-that he was on lockdown for extended periods of time-does not withstand scrutiny. The Court has already explained why the lockdowns that occurred before January 26, 2017 did not justify the extension that King sought. See Dkt. 46 at 3-4. The same rationale extends to his more recent contentions. In King's May 11, 2017 letter, for example, he blames his tardiness in submitting "part two" on "extended lockdown[s]" in "March and April and ... May." Dkt. 50 at 3. But according to the Department, King's facility was not locked down at all in March, and it was locked down for just one week in April.
The Court, therefore, concludes that King has failed to carry his burden of showing excusable neglect for his failure to meet the Court's firm January 23, 2017 deadline for filing his opposition. Accordingly, the Court will deny King leave to file "part one" of this combined opposition and cross-motion, Dkt. 50, and, likewise, will deny his motion for leave to file "part two," Dkt. 52 at 1-4.
B. Motion for Reconsideration
This, then, leaves King's motion for reconsideration of the Court's March 28, 2017 Memorandum Opinion and Order. Dkt. 52 at 5-66. Because that opinion "adjudicate[d] fewer than all the claims" asserted in King's complaint, it is interlocutory in nature. Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b). Accordingly, King's motion must be "treated as filed under Rule 54(b)." Cobell v. Jewell ,
*188In Def. of Animals v. Nat'l Insts. of Health ,
For the same reasons discussed above, the Court concludes that King has failed to carry his burden of showing that there is "good reason" to reconsider the Court's March 28, 2017 Memorandum Opinion and Order. King raises various substantive responses to the Department's motion for summary judgment, including challenges to the adequacy of the Department's responses to his FOIA request. He fails to offer any plausible explanation, however, for why he could not have previously raised these contentions. He has not identified any factual development that occurred after the Court issued its decision on the Department's motion, nor has he pointed to any intervening change in the law. As a result, there is no discernible difference between the documents King seeks to file out of time and his motion for reconsideration; they are one and the same, raising identical arguments directed solely to the merits of summary judgment. In other words, after disregarding the firm deadline set by the Court, King now asks that the Court permit him to file his combined opposition and cross-motion months late under the guise of a motion for reconsideration. Permitting reconsideration under these circumstances would invite litigants to ignore the schedule set by the Court and to proceed on whatever timeline that happens to suit the litigant.
The Court will, accordingly, deny King's motion for reconsideration.
CONCLUSION
For the above reasons, it is hereby ORDERED that King is DENIED leave to file "part one" of his opposition and cross-motion for summary judgment, Dkt. 50; and it is further
ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for leave to file "part two" of his opposition and cross-motion for summary judgment, Dkt. 52 at 1-4, is DENIED ; and it is further
ORDERED that Plaintiff's motion for reconsideration, Dkt. 52 at 5-66, is DENIED .
SO ORDERED .
The Court authorized the Clerk to docket King's letter by noting "Okay to file" on its face. The Court did not, however, rule on the timeliness of the attached motion.
According to the page numbering, the Court is in receipt of the first three pages of King's motion for leave to file as well as page five. See Dkt. 52 at 1-4.
Although the institution did go on lockdown for an extended period of time in May (from May 6 to May 29, 2017), Dkt. 58-1 at 2-3 (Horikawa Decl. ¶ 4), King could not have known that would turn out to be the case when he wrote his letter on May 11.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Richard KING v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published