Hardy v. Powell
Hardy v. Powell
Opinion of the Court
TREVOR N. MCFADDEN, United States District Judge *360Felicia Hardy and Barry Pope seek $10 million in this Title VII retaliation case against Jerome Powell, whom they have sued in his official capacity as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
I.
Mr. Hardy worked for the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a law enforcement officer from 2011 to 2016. Compl. ¶ 22. In 2015, Mr. Hardy participated in tryouts for a new bike patrol unit. Opp. to Mot. Summary J. 5. Although he scored 95% on speed test, he scored 30% on a cone course test. Mot. Summary J. Ex. K. His supervisor, Lieutenant Kelly Graves, gave him a 100% recommendation, and he also earned a 100% "D.C. Code Score." Id. ; see also Opp. to Mot. Summary J. 5. Mr. Hardy's overall score of 81% represents the average of these four scores and placed him 17 out of 21 tryout participants. See Mot. Summary J. Ex. K. Nine participants, including three female officers, were selected for the bike team, but Mr. Hardy was not selected. Opp. to Mot. Summary J. 5.
In June 2015, Mr. Hardy contacted the Board's Employee Relations office to discuss his concern that female officers were favored over him in the formation of the bike team. Id. at 6.
*361The Plaintiffs allege that Mr. Hardy's supervisors learned of his complaint as soon as he contacted the EEO office, and that Lt. Graves retaliated against Mr. Hardy because of it. Id. at 6-11. For example, they allege that when Mr. Hardy sought promotion to corporal, Lt. Graves denied his request to reschedule a necessary exam. Id. at 9-10.
I am writing to inform you that I am resigning from my position with The Federal Reserve. Thank you for the opportunities and professional development that I have received from the Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Unit. While I believe that that [sic] I am moving for good reasons. I am sorry to leave and I thank you for your support during my time with The LEU [Law Enforcement Unit], which I have found enjoyable and fulfilling.
I am putting in my two weeks' notice and I hope this is sufficient for you. My last day in office will be Monday, March 28 2016. With an effective date of Tuesday, March 29 2016.
Id. Ex. 25. Tragically, on March 28, Mr. Hardy committed suicide after recording an audio note explaining his frustrations with Lt. Graves and his sense that he could never advance in his career. Id. at 11.
In April 2016, the Plaintiffs initiated an EEO complaint on behalf of Mr. Hardy's estate, alleging that discrimination and retaliation had driven Mr. Hardy to resign his position and take his own life. Id. at 11-12. The Board dismissed their complaint because Mr. Hardy's estate lacked standing. Id. at 26-27. The Plaintiffs then sued the Chairman of the Board of Governors in federal court, alleging that the Board violated Title VII by committing sex discrimination and by retaliating against Mr. Hardy for engaging in activity protected by Title VII. The Defendant moved to dismiss the Complaint. In response, the Plaintiffs dropped their claims of sex discrimination but added new allegations *362about retaliation. Id. at 3 n. 1, 17. The Board's Motion for Summary Judgment is now ripe.
II.
To prevail on a motion for summary judgment, a movant must show that "there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) ; see also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. ,
"[A] party seeking summary judgment always bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact." Celotex , 477 U.S. at 323,
III.
"Aggrieved persons who believe they have been discriminated against ... must consult a Counselor prior to filing a [formal administrative] complaint in order to try to informally resolve the matter."
The Plaintiffs claim that Lt. Graves discriminated against Mr. Hardy for engaging in Title VII activity. To satisfy the counseling requirement for this claim, which would be the first step toward showing exhaustion, Mr. Hardy would have had to believe that Lt. Graves retaliated against him and would have had to consult with an EEO Counselor about the alleged retaliation. This he did not do.
The Plaintiffs seek to satisfy the counseling requirement in three ways. First, they note that Mr. Hardy contacted EEO Counselor Andre Smith. Opp. to Mot. Summary J. 23-24. Second, they note that Mr. Hardy complained about unfair treatment in a letter that he sent to Gina Lewis, who worked in Employee Relations. Id. at 24-26.
The Plaintiffs do claim that Mr. Hardy's letter to Ms. Lewis complained about Lt. Graves retaliating against him for Title VII activity. Pls.' Response to Def.'s Statement of Undisputed Material Facts ¶ 21. But the letter does not reference retaliation, allege that Lt. Graves treated Mr. Hardy differently because of his Title VII activity, or even suggest that Lt. Graves knew of Mr. Hardy's Title VII activity. See Opp. to Mot. Summary J. Ex. 18. To the contrary, the letter states that Lt. Graves mistreated Mr. Hardy because of his sex and that Mr. Hardy felt clear Lt. Graves "was coming for [him] personally" even before he engaged in Title VII activity. Opp. to Mot. Summary J. Ex. 18, 1. Thus, the record shows that Mr. Hardy did not initiate counseling for retaliation and suggests that he did not believe the treatment he experienced was retaliation for Title VII activity. This is fatal to the Plaintiffs' retaliation claim. One can only sue for the specific Title VII violations that were complained of to one's employer. Nurriddin ,
As for the Plaintiffs' argument that they have satisfied the counseling requirement on Mr. Hardy's behalf, it is inconsistent with the requirement that "[a]ggrieved persons who believe they have been discriminated against" undergo counseling. See
Perhaps in recognition of their textual argument's weakness, the Plaintiffs suggest two other reasons that their initiation of counseling should satisfy
*364Second, they argue that this requirement is inconsistent with precedents establishing that a decedent's estate may pursue Title VII claims that the decedent initiated while living.
Neither of these concerns swayed the court in what appears to be the only judicial opinion to have decided this question.
Wright did not insist, as the Plaintiffs do, that Title VII provides a necessary remedy for murder. But if a Title VII claim were necessary to promote justice, the problem could likely be resolved by an equitable doctrine such as estoppel since exhaustion in the Title VII context is not jurisdictional but functions like a statute of limitations. See Bowden v. United States ,
IV.
For the reasons stated above, I conclude that the Plaintiffs have failed to satisfy Title VII's exhaustion requirements. Thus, the Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgement will be granted. A separate order will issue.
The Complaint named Janet Yellen as the Defendant, in her official capacity. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(d) automatically substitutes her successor, Jerome Powell, as the Defendant.
Summary judgment on Ms. Hardy's claims will also be granted on the alternative ground that she cannot sue as a personal representative of Mr. Hardy's estate because Mr. Pope is the sole personal representative of that estate. See Mot. Summary J. Ex. U. Ms. Hardy's unsupported statement that she disagrees with this assertion does not create a genuine factual dispute. See Pls.' Response to Def.'s Statement of Undisputed Material Facts ¶ 28.
The record does not reflect exactly how Mr. Hardy thought his non-selection for the bike team was discriminatory. But the Plaintiffs have offered their own explanation. The Plaintiffs assert that the scores on the speed and cone tests were percentiles rather than percentages and that, because the worst performer on the speed test scored 62%, Mr. Hardy could have been the worst performer on the cone test and still deserved a 62% score "at a minimum." Pls.' Response to Def.'s Statement of Undisputed Material Facts ¶ 16. According to the Plaintiffs, this shows that the Board scored Mr. Hardy arbitrarily on the cone test to ensure female officers would score above him.
According to the Board, Mr. Hardy could not reschedule his exam because of an unwavering rule against make-up exams that protects the integrity of testing. Mot. Summary J. 9-10; see also
The parties dispute whether transfer required Mr. Hardy to submit a written request up the chain of command and whether Mr. Hardy did so. See Mot. Summary J. 10; Pls.' Response to Def.'s Statement of Undisputed Material Facts ¶ 22. For purposes of this ruling, I assume the Plaintiffs' version of events is correct.
The phrase "discriminated against" appears to include "retaliated against," since Title VII's anti-retaliation provision describes retaliation as discrimination based on engagement in protected activity. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a). In any event, the Plaintiffs concede that
Because this argument fails on other grounds, I do not decide the parties' dispute about whether Ms. Lewis may substitute for an EEO Counselor for purposes of
It is also implicit in the regulation's description of the purpose for counseling, which is "to try to informally resolve the matter"-an effort that requires the involvement of the aggrieved party. See
The Plaintiffs seek to distinguish Wright by pointing out its alternative holdings. Opp. to Mot. Dismiss 28-29. "But where a decision rests on two or more grounds, none can be relegated to the category of obiter dictum ." Woods v. Interstate Realty Co. ,
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has reached the same conclusion. See, e.g., Powell v. Cohen ,
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Felicia HARDY and Barry Pope, as personal representatives of the estate of Andre Hardy v. Jerome H. POWELL, in his official capacity as Chairman, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published