Case: 24-1110 Document: 18 Page: 1 Filed: 08/08/2024

NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________ KHURSHID KHAN MUHAMMAD, Petitioner v. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, Respondent ______________________ 2024-1110 ______________________ Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection Board in No. AT-1221-20-0342-W-1. ______________________ Decided: August 8, 2024 ______________________ KHURSHID KHAN MUHAMMAD, Artesia, CA, pro se.

JOSHUA MOORE, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washing- ton, DC, for respondent. Also represented by BRIAN M.

BOYNTON, ELIZABETH MARIE HOSFORD, PATRICIA M.

MCCARTHY. ______________________ Before LOURIE, PROST, and REYNA, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM.

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Dr. Khurshid Khan Muhammad petitions for review of a Merit Systems Protection Board (“MSPB”) order denying the Department of Veterans Affairs’ (“VA”) petition for re- view and granting-in-part and denying-in-part Dr. Mu- hammad’s cross-petition for review. Muhammad v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., No. AT-1221-20-0342-W-1, 2023 WL 5628665 (M.S.P.B. Aug. 31, 2023) (“Board Decision”). For the following reasons, we dismiss Dr. Muhammad’s peti- tion for lack of jurisdiction.

BACKGROUND From October to November 2014, Dr. Muhammad was employed as a physician at the R.G. Murphy VA Medical Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Dr. Muhammad filed two whistleblower complaints with the Office of Special Counsel (“OSC”) related to his employment in Albuquer- que; he later filed two individual right of action (“IRA”) ap- peals to the MSPB, alleging that the VA terminated him as a result of protected whistleblower activity. The two ap- peals were consolidated into one matter, and that matter was separately appealed to the Federal Circuit. See Mu- hammad v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., No. 23-2132.

In late 2016, recruiters from the Bay Pines VA Healthcare System in Bay Pines, Florida, contacted Dr. Muhammad about a different physician position. Dr. Mu- hammad applied for the role, and in January 2017, the VA gave him a tentative offer of employment. S.A. 54. 1 The tentative offer was subject to verification and endorsement procedures. During this process, Dr. Thomas Mattras, Chief of Primary Care Services at Bay Pines VA, spoke with Dr. Muhammad’s previous supervisor at the Albu- querque VA. Thereafter, Dr. Mattras decided not to recom- mend Dr. Muhammad for the position at Bay Pines VA,

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and his tentative offer was withdrawn. Respondent’s Br. 3–4.

In February 2020, Dr. Muhammad filed a new IRA at the MSPB, alleging that the VA had withdrawn the tenta- tive offer of employment because of “(1) ‘unsubstantiated retaliatory remarks’ made by Albuquerque VA agency em- ployees and (2) his prior OSC complaints and Board ap- peal.” Board Decision, 2023 WL 5628665, at *1. The Administrative Judge (“AJ”) found that Dr. Muhammad’s prior IRA against the Albuquerque VA was protected activ- ity under § 2302(b), S.A. 28, that Dr. Muhammad had “show[n] by a preponderance of the evidence that his pro- tected activity was a contributing factor” in the withdrawal of his tentative offer at Bay Pines VA, see S.A. 29–31, and that the VA had not demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence that it would have withdrawn the tentative offer in the absence of his protected activity, S.A. 31–36. The AJ ordered the VA to “(1) delete from its internal computer system an entry made on or about February 13, 2017, wherein [Dr. Mattras] indicated that he did not recommend the appellant for appointment; and (2) rescind the with- drawal of the tentative offer of employment, reconstruct the hiring process, and determine whether [Dr. Muham- mad] should be appointed to the Primary Care Physician position.” Board Decision, 2023 WL 5628665, at *2.

The VA filed a petition for review with the full Board, arguing that (1) the AJ erred in finding that Dr. Muham- mad’s prior IRA appeal was a contributing factor to the withdrawal of his tentative offer and (2) the VA could not remove the specific entry from the VA’s internal computer system. Respondent’s Br. 5–6. The MSPB denied the VA’s petition on both grounds. Dr. Muhammad, for his part, filed a cross-petition, requesting additional relief—namely (1) “a more comprehensive review of the entries in [the VA’s] internal computer system, [and] remov[al] [of] any additional unfavorable entries pertaining to him” written by certain Bay Pines VA employees; (2) that the agency ap- point him to the Primary Care Physician position; and Case: 24-1110 Document: 18 Page: 4 Filed: 08/08/2024

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(3) financial remuneration for “lost earnings and damage to his professional reputation.” Board Decision, 2023 WL 5628665, at *6. The MSPB granted Dr. Muhammad’s first request, “agree[ing] that the agency must do an additional search and purge any additional unfavorable entries from Bay Pines VA officials about the appellant’s fitness for the Primary Care physician position.” Id. The MSPB denied Dr. Muhammad’s second request for appointment to the physician position. Id. Finally, the MSPB determined that “no back pay is warranted” but that Dr. Muhammad “may request consequential and/or compensatory damages.” Id. The MSPB then ordered the VA to place Dr. Muhammad “as nearly as possible in the same situation he would have been in had the agency . . . not retaliated against him for [protected activity],” including by “reconstruct[ing]/con- tinu[ing] the hiring process to determine whether [Dr. Mu- hammad] is qualified for appointment to the subject position.” Id. Dr. Muhammad timely filed a petition for review to this court.

DISCUSSION We have jurisdiction to review “an appeal from a final order or final decision” of the MSPB. 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9); see also 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A). “Our juris- diction over a petition therefore turns on whether the de- termination that the petitioner seeks to appeal constitutes a final order or final decision for purposes of [§] 1295(a)(9).”

Morrison v. Dep’t of the Navy, 876 F.3d 1106, 1109 (Fed. Cir. 2017) (cleaned up).

“The statutory requirement that we limit our review to ‘final’ orders and decisions of the Board parallels the famil- iar ‘final judgment rule’ in appellate proceedings . . . .” Id. “As a general rule, an order is final only when it ‘ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment.’” Id. (quoting Catlin v. United States, 324 U.S. 229, 233 (1945)). In the MSPB con- text, we look to 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113 to determine what con- stitutes a “final order.” See Weed v. Social Sec. Admin., 571 F.3d 1359, 1362 (Fed. Cir. 2009). Section 1201.113(c) Case: 24-1110 Document: 18 Page: 5 Filed: 08/08/2024

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explains that “[i]f the Board grants a petition for review or a cross petition for review . . . the decision of the Board is final if it disposes of the entire action.” “Remands to ad- ministrative agencies, because they mark a continuation of the case, are not generally considered final decisions for ju- risdictional purposes.” Caesar v. West, 195 F.3d 1373, 1374 (Fed. Cir. 1999).

Dr. Muhammad appeals the Board Decision, challeng- ing the conclusions of two parts: (1) the order to “recon- struct/continue the hiring process” because it leaves “room for potential ambiguity,” Petitioner’s Br. 5, 2 and (2) the MSPB’s denial of back pay as compensation, Petitioner’s Br. 7. While we appreciate that Dr. Muhammad filed this appeal out of an abundance of caution so as not to lose any potential rights to review, this appeal is premature, and we do not have jurisdiction due to the Board Decision’s lack of finality. 3 Petitioner’s Br. 4.

Here, the MSPB remanded to the VA to reconstruct the hiring process and determine compensation owed to Dr. Muhammad. “Because it is not the case that the Board’s decision left ‘nothing for the [agency] to do but execute judgment,’ the Board’s ruling was not a final order or deci- sion . . . .” Morrison, 876 F.3d at 1110 (quoting Cabot Corp. v. United States, 788 F.2d 1539 (Fed. Cir. 1986)). Specifi- cally, we have stated that an MSPB decision is not final where the MSPB ordered reconstruction of the hiring pro- cess—as is the case here. See, e.g., id.; Weed, 571 F.3d at 1362.

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While the Board Decision may have resolved some is- sues, this does not overcome the general rule that when the “order contemplates further adjudication or other proceed- ings beyond the ministerial implementation of the agency’s directive, the order will be treated as a remand.” Morrison, 876 F.3d at 1110. For example, a similarly situated dispute arose in Weed, where the MSPB concluded that the peti- tioner could not receive certain damages and simultane- ously remanded the matter back to the agency for a reconstruction process. The petitioner appealed the MSPB’s damages conclusion, but we dismissed for lack of jurisdiction because the MSPB decision was not final.

Weed, 571 F.3d at 1362. The same is true here.

Moreover, Dr. Muhammad admits that “whether [he] should get any back pay or not depends on the determina- tion by the agency whether [he] was qualified for the job in 2017 or not—this determination has not been made by the agency yet,” Petitioner’s Br. 7, and that if he was qualified for the job, he “should be compensated accordingly . . . – it may or may not be called back pay,” Petitioner’s Br. 14.

Both points highlight that the agency must make the next move.

Because the MSPB’s decision here is not final, we do not have jurisdiction.

CONCLUSION We have considered Dr. Muhammad’s remaining argu- ments and find them unpersuasive. Accordingly, we dis- miss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

DISMISSED COSTS No costs.